Reinforcement learning (RL) for physical design of silicon chips in a Google 2021 Nature paper stirred controversy due to poorly documented claims that raised eyebrows and attracted critical media coverage. The Nature paper withheld most inputs needed to produce reported results and some critical steps in the methodology. But two independent evaluations filled in the gaps and demonstrated that Google RL lags behind human designers, behind a well-known algorithm (Simulated Annealing), and also behind generally-available commercial software. Crosschecked data indicate that the integrity of the Nature paper is substantially undermined owing to errors in the conduct, analysis and reporting.
相關內容
In this paper, we explore the effectiveness of tactile data encodings using swell paper in comparison to visual encodings displayed with SVGs for data perception tasks. By replicating and adapting Cleveland and McGill's graphical perception study for the tactile modality, we establish a novel tactile encoding hierarchy. In a study with 12 university students, we found that participants perceived visual encodings more accurately when comparing values, judging their ratios with lower cognitive load, and better self-evaluated performance than tactile encodings. However, tactile encodings differed from their visual counterparts in terms of how accurately values could be decoded from them. This suggests that data physicalizations will require different design guidance than that developed for visual encodings. By providing empirical evidence for the perceptual accuracy of tactile encodings, our work contributes to foundational research on forms of data representation that prioritize tactile perception such as tactile graphics.
This paper presents OmniDataComposer, an innovative approach for multimodal data fusion and unlimited data generation with an intent to refine and uncomplicate interplay among diverse data modalities. Coming to the core breakthrough, it introduces a cohesive data structure proficient in processing and merging multimodal data inputs, which include video, audio, and text. Our crafted algorithm leverages advancements across multiple operations such as video/image caption extraction, dense caption extraction, Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR), Optical Character Recognition (OCR), Recognize Anything Model(RAM), and object tracking. OmniDataComposer is capable of identifying over 6400 categories of objects, substantially broadening the spectrum of visual information. It amalgamates these diverse modalities, promoting reciprocal enhancement among modalities and facilitating cross-modal data correction. \textbf{The final output metamorphoses each video input into an elaborate sequential document}, virtually transmuting videos into thorough narratives, making them easier to be processed by large language models. Future prospects include optimizing datasets for each modality to encourage unlimited data generation. This robust base will offer priceless insights to models like ChatGPT, enabling them to create higher quality datasets for video captioning and easing question-answering tasks based on video content. OmniDataComposer inaugurates a new stage in multimodal learning, imparting enormous potential for augmenting AI's understanding and generation of complex, real-world data.
Deep learning (DL)-based RF fingerprinting (RFFP) technology has emerged as a powerful physical-layer security mechanism, enabling device identification and authentication based on unique device-specific signatures that can be extracted from the received RF signals. However, DL-based RFFP methods face major challenges concerning their ability to adapt to domain (e.g., day/time, location, channel, etc.) changes and variability. This work proposes a novel IQ data representation and feature design, termed Double-Sided Envelope Power Spectrum or EPS, that is proven to overcome the domain adaptation problems significantly. By accurately capturing device hardware impairments while suppressing irrelevant domain information, EPS offers improved feature selection for DL models in RFFP. Experimental evaluations demonstrate its effectiveness, achieving over 99% testing accuracy in same-day/channel/location evaluations and 93% accuracy in cross-day evaluations, outperforming the traditional IQ representation. Additionally, EPS excels in cross-location evaluations, achieving a 95% accuracy. The proposed representation significantly enhances the robustness and generalizability of DL-based RFFP methods, thereby presenting a transformative solution to IQ data-based device fingerprinting.
This research paper presents a novel approach to pothole detection using Deep Learning and Image Processing techniques. The proposed system leverages the VGG16 model for feature extraction and utilizes a custom Siamese network with triplet loss, referred to as RoadScan. The system aims to address the critical issue of potholes on roads, which pose significant risks to road users. Accidents due to potholes on the roads have led to numerous accidents. Although it is necessary to completely remove potholes, it is a time-consuming process. Hence, a general road user should be able to detect potholes from a safe distance in order to avoid damage. Existing methods for pothole detection heavily rely on object detection algorithms which tend to have a high chance of failure owing to the similarity in structures and textures of a road and a pothole. Additionally, these systems utilize millions of parameters thereby making the model difficult to use in small-scale applications for the general citizen. By analyzing diverse image processing methods and various high-performing networks, the proposed model achieves remarkable performance in accurately detecting potholes. Evaluation metrics such as accuracy, EER, precision, recall, and AUROC validate the effectiveness of the system. Additionally, the proposed model demonstrates computational efficiency and cost-effectiveness by utilizing fewer parameters and data for training. The research highlights the importance of technology in the transportation sector and its potential to enhance road safety and convenience. The network proposed in this model performs with a 96.12 % accuracy, 3.89 % EER, and a 0.988 AUROC value, which is highly competitive with other state-of-the-art works.
The recently proposed data augmentation TransMix employs attention labels to help visual transformers (ViT) achieve better robustness and performance. However, TransMix is deficient in two aspects: 1) The image cropping method of TransMix may not be suitable for ViTs. 2) At the early stage of training, the model produces unreliable attention maps. TransMix uses unreliable attention maps to compute mixed attention labels that can affect the model. To address the aforementioned issues, we propose MaskMix and Progressive Attention Labeling (PAL) in image and label space, respectively. In detail, from the perspective of image space, we design MaskMix, which mixes two images based on a patch-like grid mask. In particular, the size of each mask patch is adjustable and is a multiple of the image patch size, which ensures each image patch comes from only one image and contains more global contents. From the perspective of label space, we design PAL, which utilizes a progressive factor to dynamically re-weight the attention weights of the mixed attention label. Finally, we combine MaskMix and Progressive Attention Labeling as our new data augmentation method, named MixPro. The experimental results show that our method can improve various ViT-based models at scales on ImageNet classification (73.8\% top-1 accuracy based on DeiT-T for 300 epochs). After being pre-trained with MixPro on ImageNet, the ViT-based models also demonstrate better transferability to semantic segmentation, object detection, and instance segmentation. Furthermore, compared to TransMix, MixPro also shows stronger robustness on several benchmarks. The code is available at //github.com/fistyee/MixPro.
With the surge of theoretical work investigating Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) for wireless communication and sensing, there exists an urgent need of hardware solutions for the evaluation of these theoretical results and further advancing the field. The most common solutions proposed in the literature are based on varactors, Positive Intrinsic-Negative (PIN) diodes, and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). This paper presents the use of Liquid Crystal (LC) technology for the realization of continuously tunable extremely large millimeter-wave RISs. We review the basic physical principles of LC theory, introduce two different realizations of LC-RISs, namely reflect-array and phased-array, and highlight their key properties that have an impact on the system design and RIS reconfiguration strategy. Moreover, the LC technology is compared with the competing technologies in terms of feasibility, cost, power consumption, reconfiguration speed, and bandwidth. Furthermore, several important open problems for both theoretical and experimental research on LC-RISs are presented.
Quality of Service (QoS) prediction is an essential task in recommendation systems, where accurately predicting unknown QoS values can improve user satisfaction. However, existing QoS prediction techniques may perform poorly in the presence of noise data, such as fake location information or virtual gateways. In this paper, we propose the Probabilistic Deep Supervision Network (PDS-Net), a novel framework for QoS prediction that addresses this issue. PDS-Net utilizes a Gaussian-based probabilistic space to supervise intermediate layers and learns probability spaces for both known features and true labels. Moreover, PDS-Net employs a condition-based multitasking loss function to identify objects with noise data and applies supervision directly to deep features sampled from the probability space by optimizing the Kullback-Leibler distance between the probability space of these objects and the real-label probability space. Thus, PDS-Net effectively reduces errors resulting from the propagation of corrupted data, leading to more accurate QoS predictions. Experimental evaluations on two real-world QoS datasets demonstrate that the proposed PDS-Net outperforms state-of-the-art baselines, validating the effectiveness of our approach.
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have gained momentum in graph representation learning and boosted the state of the art in a variety of areas, such as data mining (\emph{e.g.,} social network analysis and recommender systems), computer vision (\emph{e.g.,} object detection and point cloud learning), and natural language processing (\emph{e.g.,} relation extraction and sequence learning), to name a few. With the emergence of Transformers in natural language processing and computer vision, graph Transformers embed a graph structure into the Transformer architecture to overcome the limitations of local neighborhood aggregation while avoiding strict structural inductive biases. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of GNNs and graph Transformers in computer vision from a task-oriented perspective. Specifically, we divide their applications in computer vision into five categories according to the modality of input data, \emph{i.e.,} 2D natural images, videos, 3D data, vision + language, and medical images. In each category, we further divide the applications according to a set of vision tasks. Such a task-oriented taxonomy allows us to examine how each task is tackled by different GNN-based approaches and how well these approaches perform. Based on the necessary preliminaries, we provide the definitions and challenges of the tasks, in-depth coverage of the representative approaches, as well as discussions regarding insights, limitations, and future directions.
State-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) benefits a lot from multi-task learning (MTL), which learns multiple related tasks simultaneously to obtain shared or mutually related representations for different tasks. The most widely-used MTL CNN structure is based on an empirical or heuristic split on a specific layer (e.g., the last convolutional layer) to minimize different task-specific losses. However, this heuristic sharing/splitting strategy may be harmful to the final performance of one or multiple tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel CNN structure for MTL, which enables automatic feature fusing at every layer. Specifically, we first concatenate features from different tasks according to their channel dimension, and then formulate the feature fusing problem as discriminative dimensionality reduction. We show that this discriminative dimensionality reduction can be done by 1x1 Convolution, Batch Normalization, and Weight Decay in one CNN, which we refer to as Neural Discriminative Dimensionality Reduction (NDDR). We perform ablation analysis in details for different configurations in training the network. The experiments carried out on different network structures and different task sets demonstrate the promising performance and desirable generalizability of our proposed method.
We study the problem of learning to reason in large scale knowledge graphs (KGs). More specifically, we describe a novel reinforcement learning framework for learning multi-hop relational paths: we use a policy-based agent with continuous states based on knowledge graph embeddings, which reasons in a KG vector space by sampling the most promising relation to extend its path. In contrast to prior work, our approach includes a reward function that takes the accuracy, diversity, and efficiency into consideration. Experimentally, we show that our proposed method outperforms a path-ranking based algorithm and knowledge graph embedding methods on Freebase and Never-Ending Language Learning datasets.
小貼士
登錄享
注冊地址： 北京市海淀區羊坊店路18號2幢3層301-191