This paper presents a novel multi-channel speech enhancement approach, FoVNet, that enables highly efficient speech enhancement within a configurable field of view (FoV) of a smart-glasses user without needing specific target-talker(s) directions. It advances over prior works by enhancing all speakers within any given FoV, with a hybrid signal processing and deep learning approach designed with high computational efficiency. The neural network component is designed with ultra-low computation (about 50 MMACS). A multi-channel Wiener filter and a post-processing module are further used to improve perceptual quality. We evaluate our algorithm with a microphone array on smart glasses, providing a configurable, efficient solution for augmented hearing on energy-constrained devices. FoVNet excels in both computational efficiency and speech quality across multiple scenarios, making it a promising solution for smart glasses applications.
We present CD-NGP, which is a fast and scalable representation for 3D reconstruction and novel view synthesis in dynamic scenes. Inspired by continual learning, our method first segments input videos into multiple chunks, followed by training the model chunk by chunk, and finally, fuses features of the first branch and subsequent branches. Experiments on the prevailing DyNeRF dataset demonstrate that our proposed novel representation reaches a great balance between memory consumption, model size, training speed, and rendering quality. Specifically, our method consumes $85\%$ less training memory ($<14$GB) than offline methods and requires significantly lower streaming bandwidth ($<0.4$MB/frame) than other online alternatives.
On-body menus present a novel interaction paradigm within Virtual Reality (VR) environments by embedding virtual interfaces directly onto the user's body. Unlike traditional screen-based interfaces, on-body menus enable users to interact with virtual options or icons visually attached to their physical form. In this paper, We investigated the impact of the creation process on the effectiveness of on-body menus, comparing first-person, third-person, and mirror perspectives. Our first study ($N$ = 12) revealed that the mirror perspective led to faster creation times and more accurate recall compared to the other two perspectives. To further explore user preferences, we conducted a second study ($N$ = 18) utilizing a VR system with integrated body tracking. By combining distributions of icons from both studies ($N$ = 30), we confirmed significant preferences in on-body menu placement based on icon category (e.g., Social Media icons were consistently placed on forearms). We also discovered associations between categories, such as Leisure and Social Media icons frequently co-occurring. Our findings highlight the importance of the creation process, uncover user preferences for on-body menu organization, and provide insights to guide the development of intuitive and effective on-body interactions within virtual environments.
In this paper, we propose the 1 Trillion Token Platform (1TT Platform), a novel framework designed to facilitate efficient data sharing with a transparent and equitable profit-sharing mechanism. The platform fosters collaboration between data contributors, who provide otherwise non-disclosed datasets, and a data consumer, who utilizes these datasets to enhance their own services. Data contributors are compensated in monetary terms, receiving a share of the revenue generated by the services of the data consumer. The data consumer is committed to sharing a portion of the revenue with contributors, according to predefined profit-sharing arrangements. By incorporating a transparent profit-sharing paradigm to incentivize large-scale data sharing, the 1TT Platform creates a collaborative environment to drive the advancement of NLP and LLM technologies.
In this paper, we propose a novel end-to-end relightable neural inverse rendering system that achieves high-quality reconstruction of geometry and material properties, thus enabling high-quality relighting. The cornerstone of our method is a two-stage approach for learning a better factorization of scene parameters. In the first stage, we develop a reflection-aware radiance field using a neural signed distance field (SDF) as the geometry representation and deploy an MLP (multilayer perceptron) to estimate indirect illumination. In the second stage, we introduce a novel information-sharing network structure to jointly learn the radiance field and the physically based factorization of the scene. For the physically based factorization, to reduce the noise caused by Monte Carlo sampling, we apply a split-sum approximation with a simplified Disney BRDF and cube mipmap as the environment light representation. In the relighting phase, to enhance the quality of indirect illumination, we propose a second split-sum algorithm to trace secondary rays under the split-sum rendering framework.Furthermore, there is no dataset or protocol available to quantitatively evaluate the inverse rendering performance for glossy objects. To assess the quality of material reconstruction and relighting, we have created a new dataset with ground truth BRDF parameters and relighting results. Our experiments demonstrate that our algorithm achieves state-of-the-art performance in inverse rendering and relighting, with particularly strong results in the reconstruction of highly reflective objects.
We propose WildFusion, a novel approach for 3D scene reconstruction in unstructured, in-the-wild environments using multimodal implicit neural representations. WildFusion integrates signals from LiDAR, RGB camera, contact microphones, tactile sensors, and IMU. This multimodal fusion generates comprehensive, continuous environmental representations, including pixel-level geometry, color, semantics, and traversability. Through real-world experiments on legged robot navigation in challenging forest environments, WildFusion demonstrates improved route selection by accurately predicting traversability. Our results highlight its potential to advance robotic navigation and 3D mapping in complex outdoor terrains.
Recent advancements in integrating Large Language Models (LLM) with automatic speech recognition (ASR) have performed remarkably in general domains. While supervised fine-tuning (SFT) of all model parameters is often employed to adapt pre-trained LLM-based ASR models to specific domains, it imposes high computational costs and notably reduces their performance in general domains. In this paper, we propose a novel parameter-efficient multi-domain fine-tuning method for adapting pre-trained LLM-based ASR models to multi-accent domains without catastrophic forgetting named \textit{HDMoLE}, which leverages hierarchical routing and dynamic thresholds based on combining low-rank adaptation (LoRA) with the mixer of experts (MoE) and can be generalized to any linear layer. Hierarchical routing establishes a clear correspondence between LoRA experts and accent domains, improving cross-domain collaboration among the LoRA experts. Unlike the static Top-K strategy for activating LoRA experts, dynamic thresholds can adaptively activate varying numbers of LoRA experts at each MoE layer. Experiments on the multi-accent and standard Mandarin datasets demonstrate the efficacy of HDMoLE. Applying HDMoLE to an LLM-based ASR model projector module achieves similar performance to full fine-tuning in the target multi-accent domains while using only 9.6% of the trainable parameters required for full fine-tuning and minimal degradation in the source general domain.
We introduce the Joint Video-Image Diffusion model (JVID), a novel approach to generating high-quality and temporally coherent videos. We achieve this by integrating two diffusion models: a Latent Image Diffusion Model (LIDM) trained on images and a Latent Video Diffusion Model (LVDM) trained on video data. Our method combines these models in the reverse diffusion process, where the LIDM enhances image quality and the LVDM ensures temporal consistency. This unique combination allows us to effectively handle the complex spatio-temporal dynamics in video generation. Our results demonstrate quantitative and qualitative improvements in producing realistic and coherent videos.
This paper introduces a novel framework designed to achieve a high compression ratio in Split Learning (SL) scenarios where resource-constrained devices are involved in large-scale model training. Our investigations demonstrate that compressing feature maps within SL leads to biased gradients that can negatively impact the convergence rates and diminish the generalization capabilities of the resulting models. Our theoretical analysis provides insights into how compression errors critically hinder SL performance, which previous methodologies underestimate. To address these challenges, we employ a narrow bit-width encoded mask to compensate for the sparsification error without increasing the order of time complexity. Supported by rigorous theoretical analysis, our framework significantly reduces compression errors and accelerates the convergence. Extensive experiments also verify that our method outperforms existing solutions regarding training efficiency and communication complexity.
Recently, there has been a significant upsurge of interest in leveraging large language models (LLMs) to assist scientific discovery. However, most LLMs only focus on general science, while they lack domain-specific knowledge, such as chemical molecules and amino acid sequences. To bridge these gaps, we introduce SciDFM, a mixture-of-experts LLM, which is trained from scratch and is able to conduct college-level scientific reasoning and understand molecules and amino acid sequences. We collect a large-scale training corpus containing numerous scientific papers and books from different disciplines as well as data from domain-specific databases. We further fine-tune the pre-trained model on lots of instruction data to improve performances on downstream benchmarks. From experiment results, we show that SciDFM achieves strong performance on general scientific benchmarks such as SciEval and SciQ, and it reaches a SOTA performance on domain-specific benchmarks among models of similar size. We further analyze the expert layers and show that the results of expert selection vary with data from different disciplines. To benefit the broader research community, we open-source SciDFM at //huggingface.co/OpenDFM/SciDFM-MoE-A5.6B-v1.0.
As networks continue to expand and become more interconnected, the need for novel malware detection methods becomes more pronounced. Traditional security measures are increasingly inadequate against the sophistication of modern cyber attacks. Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) has been pivotal in enhancing network security, offering an in-depth analysis of network traffic that surpasses conventional monitoring techniques. DPI not only examines the metadata of network packets, but also dives into the actual content being carried within the packet payloads, providing a comprehensive view of the data flowing through networks. The integration of advanced deep learning techniques with DPI has introduced modern methodologies into malware detection. However, the challenge with the state-of-the-art supervised learning approaches is that they prevent the generalization to unseen attacks embedded in the payloads, prohibiting them from accurately detecting new attacks and transferring knowledge learned from previous attacks to the new attacks with small labeled sample sizes. This paper leverages the recent advancements in self-supervised learning and few-shot learning. Our proposed self-supervised approach trains a transformer to learn the embedding of the payloads from a vast amount of unlabeled datasets by masking portions of payloads, leading to a learnt representation that well generalizes to various downstream tasks. Once the representation is extracted from payloads, they are used to train a malware detection algorithm. The representation obtained from the transformer is then used to adapt the malware detector to novel types of attacks using few-shot learning approaches. Our experimental results across several datasets show the great success and generalization of the proposed approach to novel scenarios.