ResNets (or Residual Networks) are one of the most commonly used models for image classification tasks. In this project, we design and train a modified ResNet model for CIFAR-10 image classification. In particular, we aimed at maximizing the test accuracy on the CIFAR-10 benchmark while keeping the size of our ResNet model under the specified fixed budget of 5 million trainable parameters. Model size, typically measured as the number of trainable parameters, is important when models need to be stored on devices with limited storage capacity (e.g. IoT/edge devices). In this article, we present our residual network design which has less than 5 million parameters. We show that our ResNet achieves a test accuracy of 96.04% on CIFAR-10 which is much higher than ResNet18 (which has greater than 11 million trainable parameters) when equipped with a number of training strategies and suitable ResNet hyperparameters. Models and code are available at //github.com/Nikunj-Gupta/Efficient_ResNets.
Low light enhancement has gained increasing importance with the rapid development of visual creation and editing. However, most existing enhancement algorithms are designed to homogeneously increase the brightness of images to a pre-defined extent, limiting the user experience. To address this issue, we propose Controllable Light Enhancement Diffusion Model, dubbed CLE Diffusion, a novel diffusion framework to provide users with rich controllability. Built with a conditional diffusion model, we introduce an illumination embedding to let users control their desired brightness level. Additionally, we incorporate the Segment-Anything Model (SAM) to enable user-friendly region controllability, where users can click on objects to specify the regions they wish to enhance. Extensive experiments demonstrate that CLE Diffusion achieves competitive performance regarding quantitative metrics, qualitative results, and versatile controllability. Project page: \url{//yuyangyin.github.io/CLEDiffusion/}
In this paper, we explore the zero-shot capability of the Segment Anything Model (SAM) for food image segmentation. To address the lack of class-specific information in SAM-generated masks, we propose a novel framework, called FoodSAM. This innovative approach integrates the coarse semantic mask with SAM-generated masks to enhance semantic segmentation quality. Besides, we recognize that the ingredients in food can be supposed as independent individuals, which motivated us to perform instance segmentation on food images. Furthermore, FoodSAM extends its zero-shot capability to encompass panoptic segmentation by incorporating an object detector, which renders FoodSAM to effectively capture non-food object information. Drawing inspiration from the recent success of promptable segmentation, we also extend FoodSAM to promptable segmentation, supporting various prompt variants. Consequently, FoodSAM emerges as an all-encompassing solution capable of segmenting food items at multiple levels of granularity. Remarkably, this pioneering framework stands as the first-ever work to achieve instance, panoptic, and promptable segmentation on food images. Extensive experiments demonstrate the feasibility and impressing performance of FoodSAM, validating SAM's potential as a prominent and influential tool within the domain of food image segmentation. We release our code at //github.com/jamesjg/FoodSAM.
Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a type of deep learning models that learning over graphs, and have been successfully applied in many domains. Despite the effectiveness of GNNs, it is still challenging for GNNs to efficiently scale to large graphs. As a remedy, distributed computing becomes a promising solution of training large-scale GNNs, since it is able to provide abundant computing resources. However, the dependency of graph structure increases the difficulty of achieving high-efficiency distributed GNN training, which suffers from the massive communication and workload imbalance. In recent years, many efforts have been made on distributed GNN training, and an array of training algorithms and systems have been proposed. Yet, there is a lack of systematic review on the optimization techniques from graph processing to distributed execution. In this survey, we analyze three major challenges in distributed GNN training that are massive feature communication, the loss of model accuracy and workload imbalance. Then we introduce a new taxonomy for the optimization techniques in distributed GNN training that address the above challenges. The new taxonomy classifies existing techniques into four categories that are GNN data partition, GNN batch generation, GNN execution model, and GNN communication protocol.We carefully discuss the techniques in each category. In the end, we summarize existing distributed GNN systems for multi-GPUs, GPU-clusters and CPU-clusters, respectively, and give a discussion about the future direction on scalable GNNs.
GAN inversion aims to invert a given image back into the latent space of a pretrained GAN model, for the image to be faithfully reconstructed from the inverted code by the generator. As an emerging technique to bridge the real and fake image domains, GAN inversion plays an essential role in enabling the pretrained GAN models such as StyleGAN and BigGAN to be used for real image editing applications. Meanwhile, GAN inversion also provides insights on the interpretation of GAN's latent space and how the realistic images can be generated. In this paper, we provide an overview of GAN inversion with a focus on its recent algorithms and applications. We cover important techniques of GAN inversion and their applications to image restoration and image manipulation. We further elaborate on some trends and challenges for future directions.
We present CoDEx, a set of knowledge graph completion datasets extracted from Wikidata and Wikipedia that improve upon existing knowledge graph completion benchmarks in scope and level of difficulty. In terms of scope, CoDEx comprises three knowledge graphs varying in size and structure, multilingual descriptions of entities and relations, and tens of thousands of hard negative triples that are plausible but verified to be false. To characterize CoDEx, we contribute thorough empirical analyses and benchmarking experiments. First, we analyze each CoDEx dataset in terms of logical relation patterns. Next, we report baseline link prediction and triple classification results on CoDEx for five extensively tuned embedding models. Finally, we differentiate CoDEx from the popular FB15K-237 knowledge graph completion dataset by showing that CoDEx covers more diverse and interpretable content, and is a more difficult link prediction benchmark. Data, code, and pretrained models are available at //bit.ly/2EPbrJs.
Graph convolutional networks (GCNs) have recently become one of the most powerful tools for graph analytics tasks in numerous applications, ranging from social networks and natural language processing to bioinformatics and chemoinformatics, thanks to their ability to capture the complex relationships between concepts. At present, the vast majority of GCNs use a neighborhood aggregation framework to learn a continuous and compact vector, then performing a pooling operation to generalize graph embedding for the classification task. These approaches have two disadvantages in the graph classification task: (1)when only the largest sub-graph structure ($k$-hop neighbor) is used for neighborhood aggregation, a large amount of early-stage information is lost during the graph convolution step; (2) simple average/sum pooling or max pooling utilized, which loses the characteristics of each node and the topology between nodes. In this paper, we propose a novel framework called, dual attention graph convolutional networks (DAGCN) to address these problems. DAGCN automatically learns the importance of neighbors at different hops using a novel attention graph convolution layer, and then employs a second attention component, a self-attention pooling layer, to generalize the graph representation from the various aspects of a matrix graph embedding. The dual attention network is trained in an end-to-end manner for the graph classification task. We compare our model with state-of-the-art graph kernels and other deep learning methods. The experimental results show that our framework not only outperforms other baselines but also achieves a better rate of convergence.
We present MMKG, a collection of three knowledge graphs that contain both numerical features and (links to) images for all entities as well as entity alignments between pairs of KGs. Therefore, multi-relational link prediction and entity matching communities can benefit from this resource. We believe this data set has the potential to facilitate the development of novel multi-modal learning approaches for knowledge graphs.We validate the utility ofMMKG in the sameAs link prediction task with an extensive set of experiments. These experiments show that the task at hand benefits from learning of multiple feature types.
The world we see is ever-changing and it always changes with people, things, and the environment. Domain is referred to as the state of the world at a certain moment. A research problem is characterized as domain transfer adaptation when it needs knowledge correspondence between different moments. Conventional machine learning aims to find a model with the minimum expected risk on test data by minimizing the regularized empirical risk on the training data, which, however, supposes that the training and test data share similar joint probability distribution. Transfer adaptation learning aims to build models that can perform tasks of target domain by learning knowledge from a semantic related but distribution different source domain. It is an energetic research filed of increasing influence and importance. This paper surveys the recent advances in transfer adaptation learning methodology and potential benchmarks. Broader challenges being faced by transfer adaptation learning researchers are identified, i.e., instance re-weighting adaptation, feature adaptation, classifier adaptation, deep network adaptation, and adversarial adaptation, which are beyond the early semi-supervised and unsupervised split. The survey provides researchers a framework for better understanding and identifying the research status, challenges and future directions of the field.
Deep Learning has enabled remarkable progress over the last years on a variety of tasks, such as image recognition, speech recognition, and machine translation. One crucial aspect for this progress are novel neural architectures. Currently employed architectures have mostly been developed manually by human experts, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Because of this, there is growing interest in automated neural architecture search methods. We provide an overview of existing work in this field of research and categorize them according to three dimensions: search space, search strategy, and performance estimation strategy.
We present Generative Adversarial Capsule Network (CapsuleGAN), a framework that uses capsule networks (CapsNets) instead of the standard convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as discriminators within the generative adversarial network (GAN) setting, while modeling image data. We provide guidelines for designing CapsNet discriminators and the updated GAN objective function, which incorporates the CapsNet margin loss, for training CapsuleGAN models. We show that CapsuleGAN outperforms convolutional-GAN at modeling image data distribution on the MNIST dataset of handwritten digits, evaluated on the generative adversarial metric and at semi-supervised image classification.