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In this paper, we focus on video relocalization task, which uses a query video clip as input to retrieve a semantic relative video clip in another untrimmed long video. we find that in video relocalization datasets, there exists a phenomenon showing that there does not exist consistent relationship between feature similarity by frame and feature similarity by video, which affects the feature fusion among frames. However, existing video relocalization methods do not fully consider it. Taking this phenomenon into account, in this article, we treat video features as a graph by concatenating the query video feature and proposal video feature along time dimension, where each timestep is treated as a node, each row of the feature matrix is treated as feature of each node. Then, with the power of graph neural networks, we propose a Multi-Graph Feature Fusion Module to fuse the relation feature of this graph. After evaluating our method on ActivityNet v1.2 dataset and Thumos14 dataset, we find that our proposed method outperforms the state of art methods.

Video Object Segmentation (VOS) is typically formulated in a semi-supervised setting. Given the ground-truth segmentation mask on the first frame, the task of VOS is to track and segment the single or multiple objects of interests in the rest frames of the video at the pixel level. One of the fundamental challenges in VOS is how to make the most use of the temporal information to boost the performance. We present an end-to-end network which stores short- and long-term video sequence information preceding the current frame as the temporal memories to address the temporal modeling in VOS. Our network consists of two temporal sub-networks including a short-term memory sub-network and a long-term memory sub-network. The short-term memory sub-network models the fine-grained spatial-temporal interactions between local regions across neighboring frames in video via a graph-based learning framework, which can well preserve the visual consistency of local regions over time. The long-term memory sub-network models the long-range evolution of object via a Simplified-Gated Recurrent Unit (S-GRU), making the segmentation be robust against occlusions and drift errors. In our experiments, we show that our proposed method achieves a favorable and competitive performance on three frequently-used VOS datasets, including DAVIS 2016, DAVIS 2017 and Youtube-VOS in terms of both speed and accuracy.

Image captioning has attracted ever-increasing research attention in the multimedia community. To this end, most cutting-edge works rely on an encoder-decoder framework with attention mechanisms, which have achieved remarkable progress. However, such a framework does not consider scene concepts to attend visual information, which leads to sentence bias in caption generation and defects the performance correspondingly. We argue that such scene concepts capture higher-level visual semantics and serve as an important cue in describing images. In this paper, we propose a novel scene-based factored attention module for image captioning. Specifically, the proposed module first embeds the scene concepts into factored weights explicitly and attends the visual information extracted from the input image. Then, an adaptive LSTM is used to generate captions for specific scene types. Experimental results on Microsoft COCO benchmark show that the proposed scene-based attention module improves model performance a lot, which outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches under various evaluation metrics.

Inspired by the fact that different modalities in videos carry complementary information, we propose a Multimodal Semantic Attention Network(MSAN), which is a new encoder-decoder framework incorporating multimodal semantic attributes for video captioning. In the encoding phase, we detect and generate multimodal semantic attributes by formulating it as a multi-label classification problem. Moreover, we add auxiliary classification loss to our model that can obtain more effective visual features and high-level multimodal semantic attribute distributions for sufficient video encoding. In the decoding phase, we extend each weight matrix of the conventional LSTM to an ensemble of attribute-dependent weight matrices, and employ attention mechanism to pay attention to different attributes at each time of the captioning process. We evaluate algorithm on two popular public benchmarks: MSVD and MSR-VTT, achieving competitive results with current state-of-the-art across six evaluation metrics.

It is well believed that video captioning is a fundamental but challenging task in both computer vision and artificial intelligence fields. The prevalent approach is to map an input video to a variable-length output sentence in a sequence to sequence manner via Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Nevertheless, the training of RNN still suffers to some degree from vanishing/exploding gradient problem, making the optimization difficult. Moreover, the inherently recurrent dependency in RNN prevents parallelization within a sequence during training and therefore limits the computations. In this paper, we present a novel design --- Temporal Deformable Convolutional Encoder-Decoder Networks (dubbed as TDConvED) that fully employ convolutions in both encoder and decoder networks for video captioning. Technically, we exploit convolutional block structures that compute intermediate states of a fixed number of inputs and stack several blocks to capture long-term relationships. The structure in encoder is further equipped with temporal deformable convolution to enable free-form deformation of temporal sampling. Our model also capitalizes on temporal attention mechanism for sentence generation. Extensive experiments are conducted on both MSVD and MSR-VTT video captioning datasets, and superior results are reported when comparing to conventional RNN-based encoder-decoder techniques. More remarkably, TDConvED increases CIDEr-D performance from 58.8% to 67.2% on MSVD.

State-of-the-art deep convolutional networks (DCNs) such as squeeze-and- excitation (SE) residual networks implement a form of attention, also known as contextual guidance, which is derived from global image features. Here, we explore a complementary form of attention, known as visual saliency, which is derived from local image features. We extend the SE module with a novel global-and-local attention (GALA) module which combines both forms of attention -- resulting in state-of-the-art accuracy on ILSVRC. We further describe ClickMe.ai, a large-scale online experiment designed for human participants to identify diagnostic image regions to co-train a GALA network. Adding humans-in-the-loop is shown to significantly improve network accuracy, while also yielding visual features that are more interpretable and more similar to those used by human observers.

A major challenge for video captioning is to combine audio and visual cues. Existing multi-modal fusion methods have shown encouraging results in video understanding. However, the temporal structures of multiple modalities at different granularities are rarely explored, and how to selectively fuse the multi-modal representations at different levels of details remains uncharted. In this paper, we propose a novel hierarchically aligned cross-modal attention (HACA) framework to learn and selectively fuse both global and local temporal dynamics of different modalities. Furthermore, for the first time, we validate the superior performance of the deep audio features on the video captioning task. Finally, our HACA model significantly outperforms the previous best systems and achieves new state-of-the-art results on the widely used MSR-VTT dataset.

We introduce Spatial-Temporal Memory Networks (STMN) for video object detection. At its core, we propose a novel Spatial-Temporal Memory module (STMM) as the recurrent computation unit to model long-term temporal appearance and motion dynamics. The STMM's design enables the integration of ImageNet pre-trained backbone CNN weights for both the feature stack as well as the prediction head, which we find to be critical for accurate detection. Furthermore, in order to tackle object motion in videos, we propose a novel MatchTrans module to align the spatial-temporal memory from frame to frame. We compare our method to state-of-the-art detectors on ImageNet VID, and conduct ablative studies to dissect the contribution of our different design choices. We obtain state-of-the-art results with the VGG backbone, and competitive results with the ResNet backbone. To our knowledge, this is the first video object detector that is equipped with an explicit memory mechanism to model long-term temporal dynamics.

Video caption refers to generating a descriptive sentence for a specific short video clip automatically, which has achieved remarkable success recently. However, most of the existing methods focus more on visual information while ignoring the synchronized audio cues. We propose three multimodal deep fusion strategies to maximize the benefits of visual-audio resonance information. The first one explores the impact on cross-modalities feature fusion from low to high order. The second establishes the visual-audio short-term dependency by sharing weights of corresponding front-end networks. The third extends the temporal dependency to long-term through sharing multimodal memory across visual and audio modalities. Extensive experiments have validated the effectiveness of our three cross-modalities fusion strategies on two benchmark datasets, including Microsoft Research Video to Text (MSRVTT) and Microsoft Video Description (MSVD). It is worth mentioning that sharing weight can coordinate visual-audio feature fusion effectively and achieve the state-of-art performance on both BELU and METEOR metrics. Furthermore, we first propose a dynamic multimodal feature fusion framework to deal with the part modalities missing case. Experimental results demonstrate that even in the audio absence mode, we can still obtain comparable results with the aid of the additional audio modality inference module.

Recently, substantial research effort has focused on how to apply CNNs or RNNs to better extract temporal patterns from videos, so as to improve the accuracy of video classification. In this paper, however, we show that temporal information, especially longer-term patterns, may not be necessary to achieve competitive results on common video classification datasets. We investigate the potential of a purely attention based local feature integration. Accounting for the characteristics of such features in video classification, we propose a local feature integration framework based on attention clusters, and introduce a shifting operation to capture more diverse signals. We carefully analyze and compare the effect of different attention mechanisms, cluster sizes, and the use of the shifting operation, and also investigate the combination of attention clusters for multimodal integration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our framework on three real-world video classification datasets. Our model achieves competitive results across all of these. In particular, on the large-scale Kinetics dataset, our framework obtains an excellent single model accuracy of 79.4% in terms of the top-1 and 94.0% in terms of the top-5 accuracy on the validation set. The attention clusters are the backbone of our winner solution at ActivityNet Kinetics Challenge 2017. Code and models will be released soon.