Creation of images using generative adversarial networks has been widely adapted into multi-modal regime with the advent of multi-modal representation models pre-trained on large corpus. Various modalities sharing a common representation space could be utilized to guide the generative models to create images from text or even from audio source. Departing from the previous methods that solely rely on either text or audio, we exploit the expressiveness of both modality. Based on the fusion of text and audio, we create video whose content is consistent with the distinct modalities that are provided. A simple approach to automatically segment the video into variable length intervals and maintain time consistency in generated video is part of our method. Our proposed framework for generating music video shows promising results in application level where users can interactively feed in music source and text source to create artistic music videos. Our code is available at //github.com/joeljang/music2video.
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We explore active audio-visual separation for dynamic sound sources, where an embodied agent moves intelligently in a 3D environment to continuously isolate the time-varying audio stream being emitted by an object of interest. The agent hears a mixed stream of multiple audio sources (e.g., multiple people conversing and a band playing music at a noisy party). Given a limited time budget, it needs to extract the target sound accurately at every step using egocentric audio-visual observations. We propose a reinforcement learning agent equipped with a novel transformer memory that learns motion policies to control its camera and microphone to recover the dynamic target audio, using self-attention to make high-quality estimates for current timesteps and also simultaneously improve its past estimates. Using highly realistic acoustic SoundSpaces simulations in real-world scanned Matterport3D environments, we show that our model is able to learn efficient behavior to carry out continuous separation of a dynamic audio target. Project: //vision.cs.utexas.edu/projects/active-av-dynamic-separation/.
We address the problem of generating diverse 3D human motions from textual descriptions. This challenging task requires joint modeling of both modalities: understanding and extracting useful human-centric information from the text, and then generating plausible and realistic sequences of human poses. In contrast to most previous work which focuses on generating a single, deterministic, motion from a textual description, we design a variational approach that can produce multiple diverse human motions. We propose TEMOS, a text-conditioned generative model leveraging variational autoencoder (VAE) training with human motion data, in combination with a text encoder that produces distribution parameters compatible with the VAE latent space. We show the TEMOS framework can produce both skeleton-based animations as in prior work, as well more expressive SMPL body motions. We evaluate our approach on the KIT Motion-Language benchmark and, despite being relatively straightforward, demonstrate significant improvements over the state of the art. Code and models are available on our webpage.
Transfer-based adversarial attacks can evaluate model robustness in the black-box setting. Several methods have demonstrated impressive untargeted transferability, however, it is still challenging to efficiently produce targeted transferability. To this end, we develop a simple yet effective framework to craft targeted transfer-based adversarial examples, applying a hierarchical generative network. In particular, we contribute to amortized designs that well adapt to multi-class targeted attacks. Extensive experiments on ImageNet show that our method improves the success rates of targeted black-box attacks by a significant margin over the existing methods -- it reaches an average success rate of 29.1\% against six diverse models based only on one substitute white-box model, which significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art gradient-based attack methods. Moreover, the proposed method is also more efficient beyond an order of magnitude than gradient-based methods.
Recent breakthroughs in Natural Language Processing (NLP) have been driven by language models trained on a massive amount of plain text. While powerful, deriving supervision from textual resources is still an open question. For example, language model pretraining often neglects the rich, freely-available structures in textual data. In this thesis, we describe three lines of work that seek to improve the training and evaluation of neural models using naturally-occurring supervision. We first investigate self-supervised training losses to help enhance the performance of pretrained language models for various NLP tasks. Specifically, we alter the sentence prediction loss to make it better suited to other pretraining losses and more challenging to solve. We design an intermediate finetuning step that uses self-supervised training to promote models' ability in cross-task generalization. Then we describe methods to leverage the structures in Wikipedia and paraphrases. In particular, we propose training losses to exploit hyperlinks, article structures, and article category graphs for entity-, discourse-, entailment-related knowledge. We propose a framework that uses paraphrase pairs to disentangle semantics and syntax in sentence representations. We extend the framework for a novel generation task that controls the syntax of output text with a sentential exemplar. Lastly, we discuss our work on tailoring textual resources for establishing challenging evaluation tasks. We introduce three datasets by defining novel tasks using various fan-contributed websites, including a long-form data-to-text generation dataset, a screenplay summarization dataset, and a long-form story generation dataset. These datasets have unique characteristics offering challenges to future work in their respective task settings.
Music signals are difficult to interpret from their low-level features, perhaps even more than images: e.g. highlighting part of a spectrogram or an image is often insufficient to convey high-level ideas that are genuinely relevant to humans. In computer vision, concept learning was therein proposed to adjust explanations to the right abstraction level (e.g. detect clinical concepts from radiographs). These methods have yet to be used for MIR. In this paper, we adapt concept learning to the realm of music, with its particularities. For instance, music concepts are typically non-independent and of mixed nature (e.g. genre, instruments, mood), unlike previous work that assumed disentangled concepts. We propose a method to learn numerous music concepts from audio and then automatically hierarchise them to expose their mutual relationships. We conduct experiments on datasets of playlists from a music streaming service, serving as a few annotated examples for diverse concepts. Evaluations show that the mined hierarchies are aligned with both ground-truth hierarchies of concepts -- when available -- and with proxy sources of concept similarity in the general case.
During the Covid, online meetings have become an indispensable part of our lives. This trend is likely to continue due to their convenience and broad reach. However, background noise from other family members, roommates, office-mates not only degrades the voice quality but also raises serious privacy issues. In this paper, we develop a novel system, called Spatial Aware Multi-task learning-based Separation (SAMS), to extract audio signals from the target user during teleconferencing. Our solution consists of three novel components: (i) generating fine-grained location embeddings from the user's voice and inaudible tracking sound, which contains the user's position and rich multipath information, (ii) developing a source separation neural network using multi-task learning to jointly optimize source separation and location, and (iii) significantly speeding up inference to provide a real-time guarantee. Our testbed experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach
Multiple modalities for certain information provide a variety of perspectives on that information, which can improve the understanding of the information. Thus, it may be crucial to generate data of different modality from the existing data to enhance the understanding. In this paper, we investigate the cross-modal audio-to-image generation problem and propose Cross-Modal Contrastive Representation Learning (CMCRL) to extract useful features from audios and use it in the generation phase. Experimental results show that CMCRL enhances quality of images generated than previous research.
Recent advances in maximizing mutual information (MI) between the source and target have demonstrated its effectiveness in text generation. However, previous works paid little attention to modeling the backward network of MI (i.e., dependency from the target to the source), which is crucial to the tightness of the variational information maximization lower bound. In this paper, we propose Adversarial Mutual Information (AMI): a text generation framework which is formed as a novel saddle point (min-max) optimization aiming to identify joint interactions between the source and target. Within this framework, the forward and backward networks are able to iteratively promote or demote each other's generated instances by comparing the real and synthetic data distributions. We also develop a latent noise sampling strategy that leverages random variations at the high-level semantic space to enhance the long term dependency in the generation process. Extensive experiments based on different text generation tasks demonstrate that the proposed AMI framework can significantly outperform several strong baselines, and we also show that AMI has potential to lead to a tighter lower bound of maximum mutual information for the variational information maximization problem.
Generating texts which express complex ideas spanning multiple sentences requires a structured representation of their content (document plan), but these representations are prohibitively expensive to manually produce. In this work, we address the problem of generating coherent multi-sentence texts from the output of an information extraction system, and in particular a knowledge graph. Graphical knowledge representations are ubiquitous in computing, but pose a significant challenge for text generation techniques due to their non-hierarchical nature, collapsing of long-distance dependencies, and structural variety. We introduce a novel graph transforming encoder which can leverage the relational structure of such knowledge graphs without imposing linearization or hierarchical constraints. Incorporated into an encoder-decoder setup, we provide an end-to-end trainable system for graph-to-text generation that we apply to the domain of scientific text. Automatic and human evaluations show that our technique produces more informative texts which exhibit better document structure than competitive encoder-decoder methods.
High spectral dimensionality and the shortage of annotations make hyperspectral image (HSI) classification a challenging problem. Recent studies suggest that convolutional neural networks can learn discriminative spatial features, which play a paramount role in HSI interpretation. However, most of these methods ignore the distinctive spectral-spatial characteristic of hyperspectral data. In addition, a large amount of unlabeled data remains an unexploited gold mine for efficient data use. Therefore, we proposed an integration of generative adversarial networks (GANs) and probabilistic graphical models for HSI classification. Specifically, we used a spectral-spatial generator and a discriminator to identify land cover categories of hyperspectral cubes. Moreover, to take advantage of a large amount of unlabeled data, we adopted a conditional random field to refine the preliminary classification results generated by GANs. Experimental results obtained using two commonly studied datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework achieved encouraging classification accuracy using a small number of data for training.
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