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The emergence of large-scale AI models, like GPT-4, has significantly impacted academia and industry, driving the demand for high-performance computing (HPC) to accelerate workloads. To address this, we present HPCClusterScape, a visualization system that enhances the efficiency and transparency of shared HPC clusters for large-scale AI models. HPCClusterScape provides a comprehensive overview of system-level (e.g., partitions, hosts, and workload status) and application-level (e.g., identification of experiments and researchers) information, allowing HPC operators and machine learning researchers to monitor resource utilization and identify issues through customizable violation rules. The system includes diagnostic tools to investigate workload imbalances and synchronization bottlenecks in large-scale distributed deep learning experiments. Deployed in industrial-scale HPC clusters, HPCClusterScape incorporates user feedback and meets specific requirements. This paper outlines the challenges and prerequisites for efficient HPC operation, introduces the interactive visualization system, and highlights its contributions in addressing pain points and optimizing resource utilization in shared HPC clusters.

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promise in the autonomous driving sector, particularly in generalization and interpretability. We introduce a unique object-level multimodal LLM architecture that merges vectorized numeric modalities with a pre-trained LLM to improve context understanding in driving situations. We also present a new dataset of 160k QA pairs derived from 10k driving scenarios, paired with high quality control commands collected with RL agent and question answer pairs generated by teacher LLM (GPT-3.5). A distinct pretraining strategy is devised to align numeric vector modalities with static LLM representations using vector captioning language data. We also introduce an evaluation metric for Driving QA and demonstrate our LLM-driver's proficiency in interpreting driving scenarios, answering questions, and decision-making. Our findings highlight the potential of LLM-based driving action generation in comparison to traditional behavioral cloning. We make our benchmark, datasets, and model available for further exploration.

Massive captured face images are stored in the database for the identification of individuals. However, these images can be observed intentionally or unintentionally by data managers, which is not at the will of individuals and may cause privacy violations. Existing protection schemes can maintain identifiability but slightly change the facial appearance, rendering it still susceptible to the visual perception of the original identity by data managers. In this paper, we propose an effective identity hider for human vision protection, which can significantly change appearance to visually hide identity while allowing identification for face recognizers. Concretely, the identity hider benefits from two specially designed modules: 1) The virtual face generation module generates a virtual face with a new appearance by manipulating the latent space of StyleGAN2. In particular, the virtual face has a similar parsing map to the original face, supporting other vision tasks such as head pose detection. 2) The appearance transfer module transfers the appearance of the virtual face into the original face via attribute replacement. Meanwhile, identity information can be preserved well with the help of the disentanglement networks. In addition, diversity and background preservation are supported to meet the various requirements. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed identity hider achieves excellent performance on privacy protection and identifiability preservation.

Aerial Image Segmentation is a top-down perspective semantic segmentation and has several challenging characteristics such as strong imbalance in the foreground-background distribution, complex background, intra-class heterogeneity, inter-class homogeneity, and tiny objects. To handle these problems, we inherit the advantages of Transformers and propose AerialFormer, which unifies Transformers at the contracting path with lightweight Multi-Dilated Convolutional Neural Networks (MD-CNNs) at the expanding path. Our AerialFormer is designed as a hierarchical structure, in which Transformer encoder outputs multi-scale features and MD-CNNs decoder aggregates information from the multi-scales. Thus, it takes both local and global contexts into consideration to render powerful representations and high-resolution segmentation. We have benchmarked AerialFormer on three common datasets including iSAID, LoveDA, and Potsdam. Comprehensive experiments and extensive ablation studies show that our proposed AerialFormer outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods with remarkable performance. Our source code will be publicly available upon acceptance.

There is a growing interest in using Large Language Models (LLMs) as agents to tackle real-world tasks that may require assessing complex situations. Yet, we have a limited understanding of LLMs' reasoning and decision-making capabilities, partly stemming from a lack of dedicated evaluation benchmarks. As negotiating and compromising are key aspects of our everyday communication and collaboration, we propose using scorable negotiation games as a new evaluation framework for LLMs. We create a testbed of diverse text-based, multi-agent, multi-issue, semantically rich negotiation games, with easily tunable difficulty. To solve the challenge, agents need to have strong arithmetic, inference, exploration, and planning capabilities, while seamlessly integrating them. Via a systematic zero-shot Chain-of-Thought prompting (CoT), we show that agents can negotiate and consistently reach successful deals. We quantify the performance with multiple metrics and observe a large gap between GPT-4 and earlier models. Importantly, we test the generalization to new games and setups. Finally, we show that these games can help evaluate other critical aspects, such as the interaction dynamics between agents in the presence of greedy and adversarial players.

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), e.g., elevator systems and autonomous driving systems, are progressively permeating our everyday lives. To ensure their safety, various analyses need to be conducted, such as anomaly detection and time-to-event analysis (the focus of this paper). Recently, it has been widely accepted that digital Twins (DTs) can serve as an efficient method to aid in the development, maintenance, and safe and secure operation of CPSs. However, CPSs frequently evolve, e.g., with new or updated functionalities, which demand their corresponding DTs be co-evolved, i.e., in synchronization with the CPSs. To that end, we propose a novel method, named PPT, utilizing an uncertainty-aware transfer learning for DT evolution. Specifically, we first pretrain PPT with a pretraining dataset to acquire generic knowledge about the CPSs, followed by adapting it to a specific CPS with the help of prompt tuning. Results highlight that PPT is effective in time-to-event analysis in both elevator and ADSs case studies, on average, outperforming a baseline method by 7.31 and 12.58 in terms of Huber loss, respectively. The experiment results also affirm the effectiveness of transfer learning, prompt tuning and uncertainty quantification in terms of reducing Huber loss by at least 21.32, 3.14 and 4.08, respectively, in both case studies.

Anticipating the motion of all humans in dynamic environments such as homes and offices is critical to enable safe and effective robot navigation. Such spaces remain challenging as humans do not follow strict rules of motion and there are often multiple occluded entry points such as corners and doors that create opportunities for sudden encounters. In this work, we present a Transformer based architecture to predict human future trajectories in human-centric environments from input features including human positions, head orientations, and 3D skeletal keypoints from onboard in-the-wild sensory information. The resulting model captures the inherent uncertainty for future human trajectory prediction and achieves state-of-the-art performance on common prediction benchmarks and a human tracking dataset captured from a mobile robot adapted for the prediction task. Furthermore, we identify new agents with limited historical data as a major contributor to error and demonstrate the complementary nature of 3D skeletal poses in reducing prediction error in such challenging scenarios.

Recently pre-trained language representation models such as BERT have shown great success when fine-tuned on downstream tasks including information retrieval (IR). However, pre-training objectives tailored for ad-hoc retrieval have not been well explored. In this paper, we propose Pre-training with Representative wOrds Prediction (PROP) for ad-hoc retrieval. PROP is inspired by the classical statistical language model for IR, specifically the query likelihood model, which assumes that the query is generated as the piece of text representative of the "ideal" document. Based on this idea, we construct the representative words prediction (ROP) task for pre-training. Given an input document, we sample a pair of word sets according to the document language model, where the set with higher likelihood is deemed as more representative of the document. We then pre-train the Transformer model to predict the pairwise preference between the two word sets, jointly with the Masked Language Model (MLM) objective. By further fine-tuning on a variety of representative downstream ad-hoc retrieval tasks, PROP achieves significant improvements over baselines without pre-training or with other pre-training methods. We also show that PROP can achieve exciting performance under both the zero- and low-resource IR settings. The code and pre-trained models are available at //github.com/Albert-Ma/PROP.

Although measuring held-out accuracy has been the primary approach to evaluate generalization, it often overestimates the performance of NLP models, while alternative approaches for evaluating models either focus on individual tasks or on specific behaviors. Inspired by principles of behavioral testing in software engineering, we introduce CheckList, a task-agnostic methodology for testing NLP models. CheckList includes a matrix of general linguistic capabilities and test types that facilitate comprehensive test ideation, as well as a software tool to generate a large and diverse number of test cases quickly. We illustrate the utility of CheckList with tests for three tasks, identifying critical failures in both commercial and state-of-art models. In a user study, a team responsible for a commercial sentiment analysis model found new and actionable bugs in an extensively tested model. In another user study, NLP practitioners with CheckList created twice as many tests, and found almost three times as many bugs as users without it.

One of the ultimate goals of e-commerce platforms is to satisfy various shopping needs for their customers. Much efforts are devoted to creating taxonomies or ontologies in e-commerce towards this goal. However, user needs in e-commerce are still not well defined, and none of the existing ontologies has the enough depth and breadth for universal user needs understanding. The semantic gap in-between prevents shopping experience from being more intelligent. In this paper, we propose to construct a large-scale e-commerce cognitive concept net named "AliCoCo", which is practiced in Alibaba, the largest Chinese e-commerce platform in the world. We formally define user needs in e-commerce, then conceptualize them as nodes in the net. We present details on how AliCoCo is constructed semi-automatically and its successful, ongoing and potential applications in e-commerce.