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Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have been extremely successful in generating samples, from seemingly high dimensional probability measures. However, these methods struggle to capture the temporal dependence of joint probability distributions induced by time-series data. Furthermore, long time-series data streams hugely increase the dimension of the target space, which may render generative modelling infeasible. To overcome these challenges, motivated by the autoregressive models in econometric, we are interested in the conditional distribution of future time series given the past information. We propose the generic conditional Sig-WGAN framework by integrating Wasserstein-GANs (WGANs) with mathematically principled and efficient path feature extraction called the signature of a path. The signature of a path is a graded sequence of statistics that provides a universal description for a stream of data, and its expected value characterises the law of the time-series model. In particular, we develop the conditional Sig-$W_1$ metric, that captures the conditional joint law of time series models, and use it as a discriminator. The signature feature space enables the explicit representation of the proposed discriminators which alleviates the need for expensive training. We validate our method on both synthetic and empirical dataset and observe that our method consistently and significantly outperforms state-of-the-art benchmarks with respect to measures of similarity and predictive ability.

The social robot navigation is an open and challenging problem. In existing work, separate modules are used to capture spatial and temporal features, respectively. However, such methods lead to extra difficulties in improving the utilization of spatio-temporal features and reducing the conservative nature of navigation policy. In light of this, we present a spatio-temporal transformer-based policy optimization algorithm to enhance the utilization of spatio-temporal features, thereby facilitating the capture of human-robot interactions. Specifically, this paper introduces a gated embedding mechanism that effectively aligns the spatial and temporal representations by integrating both modalities at the feature level. Then Transformer is leveraged to encode the spatio-temporal semantic information, with hope of finding the optimal navigation policy. Finally, a combination of spatio-temporal Transformer and self-adjusting policy entropy significantly reduces the conservatism of navigation policies. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework, where our method shows superior performance.

When the model is not known and parameter testing or interval estimation is conducted after model selection, it is necessary to consider selective inference. This paper discusses this issue in the context of sparse estimation. Firstly, we describe selective inference related to Lasso as per \cite{lee}, and then present polyhedra and truncated distributions when applying it to methods such as Forward Stepwise and LARS. Lastly, we discuss the Significance Test for Lasso by \cite{significant} and the Spacing Test for LARS by \cite{ryan_exact}. This paper serves as a review article. Keywords: post-selective inference, polyhedron, LARS, lasso, forward stepwise, significance test, spacing test.

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) have shown much promise across a variety of applications. However, issues such as scalability, explainability, and Markovian assumptions limit its applicability in certain domains. We observe that many of these shortcomings emanate from the simulator as opposed to the RL training algorithms themselves. As such, we propose a semantic proxy for simulation based on a temporal extension to annotated logic. In comparison with two high-fidelity simulators, we show up to three orders of magnitude speed-up while preserving the quality of policy learned in addition to showing the ability to model and leverage non-Markovian dynamics and instantaneous actions while providing an explainable trace describing the outcomes of the agent actions.

Opinion dynamics is a central subject of computational social science, and various models have been developed to understand the evolution and formulation of opinions. Existing models mainly focus on opinion dynamics on graphs that only capture pairwise interactions between agents. In this paper, we extend the popular Friedkin-Johnsen model for opinion dynamics on graphs to hypergraphs, which describe higher-order interactions occurring frequently on real networks, especially social networks. To achieve this, based on the fact that for linear dynamics the multi-way interactions can be reduced to effective pairwise node interactions, we propose a method to decode the group interactions encoded in hyperedges by undirected edges or directed edges in graphs. We then show that higher-order interactions play an important role in the opinion dynamics, since the overall steady-state expressed opinion and polarization differ greatly from those without group interactions. We also provide an interpretation of the equilibrium expressed opinion from the perspective of the spanning converging forest, based on which we design a fast sampling algorithm to approximately evaluate the overall opinion and opinion polarization on directed weighted graphs. Finally, we conduct experiments on real-world hypergraph datasets, demonstrating the performance of our algorithm.

Decentralized federated learning (DFL) is a variant of federated learning, where edge nodes only communicate with their one-hop neighbors to learn the optimal model. However, as information exchange is restricted in a range of one-hop in DFL, inefficient information exchange leads to more communication rounds to reach the targeted training loss. This greatly reduces the communication efficiency. In this paper, we propose a new non-uniform quantization of model parameters to improve DFL convergence. Specifically, we apply the Lloyd-Max algorithm to DFL (LM-DFL) first to minimize the quantization distortion by adjusting the quantization levels adaptively. Convergence guarantee of LM-DFL is established without convex loss assumption. Based on LM-DFL, we then propose a new doubly-adaptive DFL, which jointly considers the ascending number of quantization levels to reduce the amount of communicated information in the training and adapts the quantization levels for non-uniform gradient distributions. Experiment results based on MNIST and CIFAR-10 datasets illustrate the superiority of LM-DFL with the optimal quantized distortion and show that doubly-adaptive DFL can greatly improve communication efficiency.

Causal representation learning has emerged as the center of action in causal machine learning research. In particular, multi-domain datasets present a natural opportunity for showcasing the advantages of causal representation learning over standard unsupervised representation learning. While recent works have taken crucial steps towards learning causal representations, they often lack applicability to multi-domain datasets due to over-simplifying assumptions about the data; e.g. each domain comes from a different single-node perfect intervention. In this work, we relax these assumptions and capitalize on the following observation: there often exists a subset of latents whose certain distributional properties (e.g., support, variance) remain stable across domains; this property holds when, for example, each domain comes from a multi-node imperfect intervention. Leveraging this observation, we show that autoencoders that incorporate such invariances can provably identify the stable set of latents from the rest across different settings.

Federated Learning (FL) is a decentralized machine-learning paradigm, in which a global server iteratively averages the model parameters of local users without accessing their data. User heterogeneity has imposed significant challenges to FL, which can incur drifted global models that are slow to converge. Knowledge Distillation has recently emerged to tackle this issue, by refining the server model using aggregated knowledge from heterogeneous users, other than directly averaging their model parameters. This approach, however, depends on a proxy dataset, making it impractical unless such a prerequisite is satisfied. Moreover, the ensemble knowledge is not fully utilized to guide local model learning, which may in turn affect the quality of the aggregated model. Inspired by the prior art, we propose a data-free knowledge distillation} approach to address heterogeneous FL, where the server learns a lightweight generator to ensemble user information in a data-free manner, which is then broadcasted to users, regulating local training using the learned knowledge as an inductive bias. Empirical studies powered by theoretical implications show that, our approach facilitates FL with better generalization performance using fewer communication rounds, compared with the state-of-the-art.

Data augmentation has been widely used to improve generalizability of machine learning models. However, comparatively little work studies data augmentation for graphs. This is largely due to the complex, non-Euclidean structure of graphs, which limits possible manipulation operations. Augmentation operations commonly used in vision and language have no analogs for graphs. Our work studies graph data augmentation for graph neural networks (GNNs) in the context of improving semi-supervised node-classification. We discuss practical and theoretical motivations, considerations and strategies for graph data augmentation. Our work shows that neural edge predictors can effectively encode class-homophilic structure to promote intra-class edges and demote inter-class edges in given graph structure, and our main contribution introduces the GAug graph data augmentation framework, which leverages these insights to improve performance in GNN-based node classification via edge prediction. Extensive experiments on multiple benchmarks show that augmentation via GAug improves performance across GNN architectures and datasets.

While existing machine learning models have achieved great success for sentiment classification, they typically do not explicitly capture sentiment-oriented word interaction, which can lead to poor results for fine-grained analysis at the snippet level (a phrase or sentence). Factorization Machine provides a possible approach to learning element-wise interaction for recommender systems, but they are not directly applicable to our task due to the inability to model contexts and word sequences. In this work, we develop two Position-aware Factorization Machines which consider word interaction, context and position information. Such information is jointly encoded in a set of sentiment-oriented word interaction vectors. Compared to traditional word embeddings, SWI vectors explicitly capture sentiment-oriented word interaction and simplify the parameter learning. Experimental results show that while they have comparable performance with state-of-the-art methods for document-level classification, they benefit the snippet/sentence-level sentiment analysis.