Accurately credit default prediction faces challenges due to imbalanced data and low correlation between features and labels. Existing default prediction studies on the basis of gradient boosting decision trees (GBDT), deep learning techniques, and feature selection strategies can have varying degrees of success depending on the specific task. Motivated by this, we propose Tab-Attention, a novel self-attention-based stacked generalization method for credit default prediction. This approach ensembles the potential proprietary knowledge contributions from multi-view feature spaces, to cope with low feature correlation and imbalance. We organize multi-view feature spaces according to the latent linear or nonlinear strengths between features and labels. Meanwhile, the f1 score assists the model in imbalance training to find the optimal state for identifying minority default samples. Our Tab-Attention achieves superior Recall_1 and f1_1 of default intention recognition than existing GBDT-based models and advanced deep learning by about 32.92% and 16.05% on average, respectively, while maintaining outstanding overall performance and prediction performance for non-default samples. The proposed method could ensemble essential knowledge through the self-attention mechanism, which is of great significance for a more robust future prediction system.
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Due to the continuous change in operational data, AIOps solutions suffer from performance degradation over time. Although periodic retraining is the state-of-the-art technique to preserve the failure prediction AIOps models' performance over time, this technique requires a considerable amount of labeled data to retrain. In AIOps obtaining label data is expensive since it requires the availability of domain experts to intensively annotate it. In this paper, we present McUDI, a model-centric unsupervised degradation indicator that is capable of detecting the exact moment the AIOps model requires retraining as a result of changes in data. We further show how employing McUDI in the maintenance pipeline of AIOps solutions can reduce the number of samples that require annotations with 30k for job failure prediction and 260k for disk failure prediction while achieving similar performance with periodic retraining.
Recent advancements in neural compression have surpassed traditional codecs in PSNR and MS-SSIM measurements. However, at low bit-rates, these methods can introduce visually displeasing artifacts, such as blurring, color shifting, and texture loss, thereby compromising perceptual quality of images. To address these issues, this study presents an enhanced neural compression method designed for optimal visual fidelity. We have trained our model with a sophisticated semantic ensemble loss, integrating Charbonnier loss, perceptual loss, style loss, and a non-binary adversarial loss, to enhance the perceptual quality of image reconstructions. Additionally, we have implemented a latent refinement process to generate content-aware latent codes. These codes adhere to bit-rate constraints, balance the trade-off between distortion and fidelity, and prioritize bit allocation to regions of greater importance. Our empirical findings demonstrate that this approach significantly improves the statistical fidelity of neural image compression. On CLIC2024 validation set, our approach achieves a 62% bitrate saving compared to MS-ILLM under FID metric.
Crowd counting is an important problem in computer vision due to its wide range of applications in image understanding. Currently, this problem is typically addressed using deep learning approaches, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) and Transformers. However, deep networks are data-driven and are prone to overfitting, especially when the available labeled crowd dataset is limited. To overcome this limitation, we have designed a pipeline that utilizes a diffusion model to generate extensive training data. We are the first to generate images conditioned on a location dot map (a binary dot map that specifies the location of human heads) with a diffusion model. We are also the first to use these diverse synthetic data to augment the crowd counting models. Our proposed smoothed density map input for ControlNet significantly improves ControlNet's performance in generating crowds in the correct locations. Also, Our proposed counting loss for the diffusion model effectively minimizes the discrepancies between the location dot map and the crowd images generated. Additionally, our innovative guidance sampling further directs the diffusion process toward regions where the generated crowd images align most accurately with the location dot map. Collectively, we have enhanced ControlNet's ability to generate specified objects from a location dot map, which can be used for data augmentation in various counting problems. Moreover, our framework is versatile and can be easily adapted to all kinds of counting problems. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework improves the counting performance on the ShanghaiTech, NWPU-Crowd, UCF-QNRF, and TRANCOS datasets, showcasing its effectiveness.
Deepfake videos are becoming increasingly realistic, showing subtle tampering traces on facial areasthat vary between frames. Consequently, many existing Deepfake detection methods struggle to detect unknown domain Deepfake videos while accurately locating the tampered region. To address thislimitation, we propose Delocate, a novel Deepfake detection model that can both recognize andlocalize unknown domain Deepfake videos. Ourmethod consists of two stages named recoveringand localization. In the recovering stage, the modelrandomly masks regions of interest (ROIs) and reconstructs real faces without tampering traces, resulting in a relatively good recovery effect for realfaces and a poor recovery effect for fake faces. Inthe localization stage, the output of the recoveryphase and the forgery ground truth mask serve assupervision to guide the forgery localization process. This process strategically emphasizes the recovery phase of fake faces with poor recovery, facilitating the localization of tampered regions. Ourextensive experiments on four widely used benchmark datasets demonstrate that Delocate not onlyexcels in localizing tampered areas but also enhances cross-domain detection performance.
This paper considers Pseudo-Relevance Feedback (PRF) methods for dense retrievers in a resource constrained environment such as that of cheap cloud instances or embedded systems (e.g., smartphones and smartwatches), where memory and CPU are limited and GPUs are not present. For this, we propose a transformer-based PRF method (TPRF), which has a much smaller memory footprint and faster inference time compared to other deep language models that employ PRF mechanisms, with a marginal effectiveness loss. TPRF learns how to effectively combine the relevance feedback signals from dense passage representations. Specifically, TPRF provides a mechanism for modelling relationships and weights between the query and the relevance feedback signals. The method is agnostic to the specific dense representation used and thus can be generally applied to any dense retriever.
Graph neural networks (GNNs) have drawn increasing attention in recent years and achieved remarkable performance in many graph-based tasks, especially in semi-supervised learning on graphs. However, most existing GNNs are based on the message-passing paradigm to iteratively aggregate neighborhood information in a single topology space. Despite their success, the expressive power of GNNs is limited by some drawbacks, such as inflexibility of message source expansion, negligence of node-level message output discrepancy, and restriction of single message space. To address these drawbacks, we present a novel message-passing paradigm, based on the properties of multi-step message source, node-specific message output, and multi-space message interaction. To verify its validity, we instantiate the new message-passing paradigm as a Dual-Perception Graph Neural Network (DPGNN), which applies a node-to-step attention mechanism to aggregate node-specific multi-step neighborhood information adaptively. Our proposed DPGNN can capture the structural neighborhood information and the feature-related information simultaneously for graph representation learning. Experimental results on six benchmark datasets with different topological structures demonstrate that our method outperforms the latest state-of-the-art models, which proves the superiority and versatility of our method. To our knowledge, we are the first to consider node-specific message passing in the GNNs.
Event cameras are bio-inspired sensors that respond to local changes in light intensity and feature low latency, high energy efficiency, and high dynamic range. Meanwhile, Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention due to their remarkable efficiency and fault tolerance. By synergistically harnessing the energy efficiency inherent in event cameras and the spike-based processing capabilities of SNNs, their integration could enable ultra-low-power application scenarios, such as action recognition tasks. However, existing approaches often entail converting asynchronous events into conventional frames, leading to additional data mapping efforts and a loss of sparsity, contradicting the design concept of SNNs and event cameras. To address this challenge, we propose SpikePoint, a novel end-to-end point-based SNN architecture. SpikePoint excels at processing sparse event cloud data, effectively extracting both global and local features through a singular-stage structure. Leveraging the surrogate training method, SpikePoint achieves high accuracy with few parameters and maintains low power consumption, specifically employing the identity mapping feature extractor on diverse datasets. SpikePoint achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) performance on four event-based action recognition datasets using only 16 timesteps, surpassing other SNN methods. Moreover, it also achieves SOTA performance across all methods on three datasets, utilizing approximately 0.3\% of the parameters and 0.5\% of power consumption employed by artificial neural networks (ANNs). These results emphasize the significance of Point Cloud and pave the way for many ultra-low-power event-based data processing applications.
It is challenging to balance the privacy and accuracy for federated query processing over multiple private data silos. In this work, we will demonstrate an end-to-end workflow for automating an emerging privacy-preserving technique that uses a deep learning model trained using the Differentially-Private Stochastic Gradient Descent (DP-SGD) algorithm to replace portions of actual data to answer a query. Our proposed novel declarative privacy-preserving workflow allows users to specify "what private information to protect" rather than "how to protect". Under the hood, the system automatically chooses query-model transformation plans as well as hyper-parameters. At the same time, the proposed workflow also allows human experts to review and tune the selected privacy-preserving mechanism for audit/compliance, and optimization purposes.
Distributed ledger technologies have gained significant attention and adoption in recent years. Despite various security features distributed ledger technology provides, they are vulnerable to different and new malicious attacks, such as selfish mining and Sybil attacks. While such vulnerabilities have been investigated, detecting and discovering appropriate countermeasures still need to be reported. Cybersecurity knowledge is limited and fragmented in this domain, while distributed ledger technology usage grows daily. Thus, research focusing on overcoming potential attacks on distributed ledgers is required. This study aims to raise awareness of the cybersecurity of distributed ledger technology by designing a security risk assessment method for distributed ledger technology applications. We have developed a database with possible security threats and known attacks on distributed ledger technologies to accompany the method, including sets of countermeasures. We employed a semi-systematic literature review combined with method engineering to develop a method that organizations can use to assess their cybersecurity risk for distributed ledger applications. The method has subsequently been evaluated in three case studies, which show that the method helps to effectively conduct security risk assessments for distributed ledger applications in these organizations.
Distant supervision can effectively label data for relation extraction, but suffers from the noise labeling problem. Recent works mainly perform soft bag-level noise reduction strategies to find the relatively better samples in a sentence bag, which is suboptimal compared with making a hard decision of false positive samples in sentence level. In this paper, we introduce an adversarial learning framework, which we named DSGAN, to learn a sentence-level true-positive generator. Inspired by Generative Adversarial Networks, we regard the positive samples generated by the generator as the negative samples to train the discriminator. The optimal generator is obtained until the discrimination ability of the discriminator has the greatest decline. We adopt the generator to filter distant supervision training dataset and redistribute the false positive instances into the negative set, in which way to provide a cleaned dataset for relation classification. The experimental results show that the proposed strategy significantly improves the performance of distant supervision relation extraction comparing to state-of-the-art systems.
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