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Recommendation systems have witnessed significant advancements and have been widely used over the past decades. However, most traditional recommendation methods are task-specific and therefore lack efficient generalization ability. Recently, the emergence of ChatGPT has significantly advanced NLP tasks by enhancing the capabilities of conversational models. Nonetheless, the application of ChatGPT in the recommendation domain has not been thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we employ ChatGPT as a general-purpose recommendation model to explore its potential for transferring extensive linguistic and world knowledge acquired from large-scale corpora to recommendation scenarios. Specifically, we design a set of prompts and evaluate ChatGPT's performance on five recommendation scenarios. Unlike traditional recommendation methods, we do not fine-tune ChatGPT during the entire evaluation process, relying only on the prompts themselves to convert recommendation tasks into natural language tasks. Further, we explore the use of few-shot prompting to inject interaction information that contains user potential interest to help ChatGPT better understand user needs and interests. Comprehensive experimental results on Amazon Beauty dataset show that ChatGPT has achieved promising results in certain tasks and is capable of reaching the baseline level in others. We conduct human evaluations on two explainability-oriented tasks to more accurately evaluate the quality of contents generated by different models. And the human evaluations show ChatGPT can truly understand the provided information and generate clearer and more reasonable results. We hope that our study can inspire researchers to further explore the potential of language models like ChatGPT to improve recommendation performance and contribute to the advancement of the recommendation systems field.

Deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) speakers typically have atypical speech caused by deafness. With the growing support of speech-based devices and software applications, more work needs to be done to make these devices inclusive to everyone. To do so, we analyze the use of openly-available automatic speech recognition (ASR) tools with a DHH Japanese speaker dataset. As these out-of-the-box ASR models typically do not perform well on DHH speech, we provide a thorough analysis of creating personalized ASR systems. We collected a large DHH speaker dataset of four speakers totaling around 28.05 hours and thoroughly analyzed the performance of different training frameworks by varying the training data sizes. Our findings show that 1000 utterances (or 1-2 hours) from a target speaker can already significantly improve the model performance with minimal amount of work needed, thus we recommend researchers to collect at least 1000 utterances to make an efficient personalized ASR system. In cases where 1000 utterances is difficult to collect, we also discover significant improvements in using previously proposed data augmentation techniques such as intermediate fine-tuning when only 200 utterances are available.

Collaborative Filtering (CF) has emerged as one of the most prominent implementation strategies for building recommender systems. The key idea is to exploit the usage patterns of individuals to generate personalized recommendations. CF techniques, especially for newly launched platforms, often face a critical issue known as the data sparsity problem, which greatly limits their performance. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature to tackle the problem of data sparsity, among which cross-domain collaborative filtering (CDCF) has gained significant attention in the recent past. In order to compensate for the scarcity of available feedback in a target domain, the CDCF approach makes use of information available in other auxiliary domains. Most of the traditional CDCF approach aim is to find a common set of entities (users or items) across the domains and then use them as a bridge for knowledge transfer. However, most real-world datasets are collected from different domains, so they often lack information about anchor points or reference information for entity alignment. In this paper, we propose a domain adaptation technique to align the embeddings of users and items across the two domains. Our approach first exploits the available textual and visual information to independently learn a multi-view latent representation for each user and item in the auxiliary and target domains. The different representations of a user or item are then fused to generate the corresponding unified representation. A domain classifier is then trained to learn the embedding for the domain alignment by fixing the unified features as the anchor points. Experiments on two publicly benchmark datasets indicate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.

Single-object tracking is a well-known and challenging research topic in computer vision. Over the last two decades, numerous researchers have proposed various algorithms to solve this problem and achieved promising results. Recently, Transformer-based tracking approaches have ushered in a new era in single-object tracking by introducing new perspectives and achieving superior tracking robustness. In this paper, we conduct an in-depth literature analysis of Transformer tracking approaches by categorizing them into CNN-Transformer based trackers, Two-stream Two-stage fully-Transformer based trackers, and One-stream One-stage fully-Transformer based trackers. In addition, we conduct experimental evaluations to assess their tracking robustness and computational efficiency using publicly available benchmark datasets. Furthermore, we measure their performances on different tracking scenarios to identify their strengths and weaknesses in particular situations. Our survey provides insights into the underlying principles of Transformer tracking approaches, the challenges they encounter, and the future directions they may take.

Recommendation systems have become popular and effective tools to help users discover their interesting items by modeling the user preference and item property based on implicit interactions (e.g., purchasing and clicking). Humans perceive the world by processing the modality signals (e.g., audio, text and image), which inspired researchers to build a recommender system that can understand and interpret data from different modalities. Those models could capture the hidden relations between different modalities and possibly recover the complementary information which can not be captured by a uni-modal approach and implicit interactions. The goal of this survey is to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research efforts on the multimodal recommendation. Specifically, it shows a clear pipeline with commonly used techniques in each step and classifies the models by the methods used. Additionally, a code framework has been designed that helps researchers new in this area to understand the principles and techniques, and easily runs the SOTA models. Our framework is located at: //github.com/enoche/MMRec

Recommender systems exploit interaction history to estimate user preference, having been heavily used in a wide range of industry applications. However, static recommendation models are difficult to answer two important questions well due to inherent shortcomings: (a) What exactly does a user like? (b) Why does a user like an item? The shortcomings are due to the way that static models learn user preference, i.e., without explicit instructions and active feedback from users. The recent rise of conversational recommender systems (CRSs) changes this situation fundamentally. In a CRS, users and the system can dynamically communicate through natural language interactions, which provide unprecedented opportunities to explicitly obtain the exact preference of users. Considerable efforts, spread across disparate settings and applications, have been put into developing CRSs. Existing models, technologies, and evaluation methods for CRSs are far from mature. In this paper, we provide a systematic review of the techniques used in current CRSs. We summarize the key challenges of developing CRSs into five directions: (1) Question-based user preference elicitation. (2) Multi-turn conversational recommendation strategies. (3) Dialogue understanding and generation. (4) Exploitation-exploration trade-offs. (5) Evaluation and user simulation. These research directions involve multiple research fields like information retrieval (IR), natural language processing (NLP), and human-computer interaction (HCI). Based on these research directions, we discuss some future challenges and opportunities. We provide a road map for researchers from multiple communities to get started in this area. We hope this survey helps to identify and address challenges in CRSs and inspire future research.

To solve the information explosion problem and enhance user experience in various online applications, recommender systems have been developed to model users preferences. Although numerous efforts have been made toward more personalized recommendations, recommender systems still suffer from several challenges, such as data sparsity and cold start. In recent years, generating recommendations with the knowledge graph as side information has attracted considerable interest. Such an approach can not only alleviate the abovementioned issues for a more accurate recommendation, but also provide explanations for recommended items. In this paper, we conduct a systematical survey of knowledge graph-based recommender systems. We collect recently published papers in this field and summarize them from two perspectives. On the one hand, we investigate the proposed algorithms by focusing on how the papers utilize the knowledge graph for accurate and explainable recommendation. On the other hand, we introduce datasets used in these works. Finally, we propose several potential research directions in this field.

To address the sparsity and cold start problem of collaborative filtering, researchers usually make use of side information, such as social networks or item attributes, to improve recommendation performance. This paper considers the knowledge graph as the source of side information. To address the limitations of existing embedding-based and path-based methods for knowledge-graph-aware recommendation, we propose Ripple Network, an end-to-end framework that naturally incorporates the knowledge graph into recommender systems. Similar to actual ripples propagating on the surface of water, Ripple Network stimulates the propagation of user preferences over the set of knowledge entities by automatically and iteratively extending a user's potential interests along links in the knowledge graph. The multiple "ripples" activated by a user's historically clicked items are thus superposed to form the preference distribution of the user with respect to a candidate item, which could be used for predicting the final clicking probability. Through extensive experiments on real-world datasets, we demonstrate that Ripple Network achieves substantial gains in a variety of scenarios, including movie, book and news recommendation, over several state-of-the-art baselines.

Recommender systems play a crucial role in mitigating the problem of information overload by suggesting users' personalized items or services. The vast majority of traditional recommender systems consider the recommendation procedure as a static process and make recommendations following a fixed strategy. In this paper, we propose a novel recommender system with the capability of continuously improving its strategies during the interactions with users. We model the sequential interactions between users and a recommender system as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and leverage Reinforcement Learning (RL) to automatically learn the optimal strategies via recommending trial-and-error items and receiving reinforcements of these items from users' feedbacks. In particular, we introduce an online user-agent interacting environment simulator, which can pre-train and evaluate model parameters offline before applying the model online. Moreover, we validate the importance of list-wise recommendations during the interactions between users and agent, and develop a novel approach to incorporate them into the proposed framework LIRD for list-wide recommendations. The experimental results based on a real-world e-commerce dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.