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Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data and Interferometric SAR (InSAR) products in particular, are one of the largest sources of Earth Observation data. InSAR provides unique information on diverse geophysical processes and geology, and on the geotechnical properties of man-made structures. However, there are only a limited number of applications that exploit the abundance of InSAR data and deep learning methods to extract such knowledge. The main barrier has been the lack of a large curated and annotated InSAR dataset, which would be costly to create and would require an interdisciplinary team of experts experienced on InSAR data interpretation. In this work, we put the effort to create and make available the first of its kind, manually annotated dataset that consists of 19,919 individual Sentinel-1 interferograms acquired over 44 different volcanoes globally, which are split into 216,106 InSAR patches. The annotated dataset is designed to address different computer vision problems, including volcano state classification, semantic segmentation of ground deformation, detection and classification of atmospheric signals in InSAR imagery, interferogram captioning, text to InSAR generation, and InSAR image quality assessment.

Recruitment in large organisations often involves interviewing a large number of candidates. The process is resource intensive and complex. Therefore, it is important to carry it out efficiently and effectively. Planning the selection process consists of several problems, each of which maps to one or the other well-known computing problem. Research that looks at each of these problems in isolation is rich and mature. However, research that takes an integrated view of the problem is not common. In this paper, we take two of the most important aspects of the application processing problem, namely review/interview panel creation and interview scheduling. We have implemented our approach as a prototype system and have used it to automatically plan the interview process of a real-life data set. Our system provides a distinctly better plan than the existing practice, which is predominantly manual. We have explored various algorithmic options and have customised them to solve these panel creation and interview scheduling problems. We have evaluated these design options experimentally on a real data set and have presented our observations. Our prototype and experimental process and results may be a very good starting point for a full-fledged development project for automating application processing process.

The rapid growth of biomedical literature poses a significant challenge for curation and interpretation. This has become more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. LitCovid, a literature database of COVID-19 related papers in PubMed, has accumulated over 180,000 articles with millions of accesses. Approximately 10,000 new articles are added to LitCovid every month. A main curation task in LitCovid is topic annotation where an article is assigned with up to eight topics, e.g., Treatment and Diagnosis. The annotated topics have been widely used both in LitCovid (e.g., accounting for ~18% of total uses) and downstream studies such as network generation. However, it has been a primary curation bottleneck due to the nature of the task and the rapid literature growth. This study proposes LITMC-BERT, a transformer-based multi-label classification method in biomedical literature. It uses a shared transformer backbone for all the labels while also captures label-specific features and the correlations between label pairs. We compare LITMC-BERT with three baseline models on two datasets. Its micro-F1 and instance-based F1 are 5% and 4% higher than the current best results, respectively, and only requires ~18% of the inference time than the Binary BERT baseline. The related datasets and models are available via //github.com/ncbi/ml-transformer.

Data augmentations are effective in improving the invariance of learning machines. We argue that the corechallenge of data augmentations lies in designing data transformations that preserve labels. This is relativelystraightforward for images, but much more challenging for graphs. In this work, we propose GraphAug, a novelautomated data augmentation method aiming at computing label-invariant augmentations for graph classification.Instead of using uniform transformations as in existing studies, GraphAug uses an automated augmentationmodel to avoid compromising critical label-related information of the graph, thereby producing label-invariantaugmentations at most times. To ensure label-invariance, we develop a training method based on reinforcementlearning to maximize an estimated label-invariance probability. Comprehensive experiments show that GraphAugoutperforms previous graph augmentation methods on various graph classification tasks.

With the advent of open source software, a veritable treasure trove of previously proprietary software development data was made available. This opened the field of empirical software engineering research to anyone in academia. Data that is mined from software projects, however, requires extensive processing and needs to be handled with utmost care to ensure valid conclusions. Since the software development practices and tools have changed over two decades, we aim to understand the state-of-the-art research workflows and to highlight potential challenges. We employ a systematic literature review by sampling over one thousand papers from leading conferences and by analyzing the 286 most relevant papers from the perspective of data workflows, methodologies, reproducibility, and tools. We found that an important part of the research workflow involving dataset selection was particularly problematic, which raises questions about the generality of the results in existing literature. Furthermore, we found a considerable number of papers provide little or no reproducibility instructions -- a substantial deficiency for a data-intensive field. In fact, 33% of papers provide no information on how their data was retrieved. Based on these findings, we propose ways to address these shortcomings via existing tools and also provide recommendations to improve research workflows and the reproducibility of research.

Modern software development is based on a series of rapid incremental changes collaboratively made to large source code repositories by developers with varying experience and expertise levels. The ZeroIn project is aimed at analyzing the metadata of these dynamic phenomena, including the data on repositories, commits, and developers, to rapidly and accurately mark the quality of commits as they arrive at the repositories. In this context, the present article presents a characterization of the software development metadata in terms of distributions of data that best captures the trends in the datasets. Multiple datasets are analyzed for this purpose, including Stack Overflow on developers' features and GitHub data on over 452 million repositories with 16 million commits. This characterization is intended to make it possible to generate multiple synthetic datasets that can be used in training and testing novel machine learning-based solutions to improve the reliability of software even as it evolves. It is also aimed at serving the development process to exploit the latent correlations among many key feature vectors across the aggregate space of repositories and developers. The data characterization of this article is designed to feed into the machine learning components of ZeroIn, including the application of binary classifiers for early flagging of buggy software commits and the development of graph-based learning methods to exploit sparse connectivity among the sets of repositories, commits, and developers.

This extensive revision of my paper "Description of an $O(\text{poly}(n))$ Algorithm for NP-Complete Combinatorial Problems" will dramatically simplify the content of the original paper by solving subset-sum instead of $3$-SAT. I will first define the "product-derivative" method which will be used to generate a system of equations for solving unknown polynomial coefficients. Then I will describe the "Dragonfly" algorithm usable to solve subset-sum in $O(n^{16}\log(n))$ which is itself composed of a set of symbolic algebra steps on monic polynomials to convert a subset, $S_T$, of a set of positive integers, $S$, with a given target sum, $T$ into a polynomial with roots corresponding to the elements of $S_T$.

Underlying computational model has an important role in any computation. The state and transition (such as in automata) and rule and value (such as in Lisp and logic programming) are two comparable and counterpart computational models. Both of deductive and model checking verification techniques are relying on a notion of state and as a result, their underlying computational models are state dependent. Some verification problems (such as compliance checking by which an under compliance system is verified against some regulations and rules) have not a strong notion of state nor transition. Behalf of it, these systems have a strong notion of value symbols and declarative rules defined on them. SARV (Stateless And Rule-Based Verification) is a verification framework that designed to simplify the overall process of verification for stateless and rule-based verification problems (e.g. compliance checking). In this paper, a formal logic-based framework for creating intelligent compliance checking systems is presented. We define and introduce this framework, report a case study and present results of an experiment on it. The case study is about protocol compliance checking for smart cities. Using this solution, a Rescue Scenario use case and its compliance checking are sketched and modeled. An automation engine for and a compliance solution with SARV are introduced. Based on 300 data experiments, the SARV-based compliance solution outperforms famous machine learning methods on a 3125-records software quality dataset.

Multi-label text classification refers to the problem of assigning each given document its most relevant labels from the label set. Commonly, the metadata of the given documents and the hierarchy of the labels are available in real-world applications. However, most existing studies focus on only modeling the text information, with a few attempts to utilize either metadata or hierarchy signals, but not both of them. In this paper, we bridge the gap by formalizing the problem of metadata-aware text classification in a large label hierarchy (e.g., with tens of thousands of labels). To address this problem, we present the MATCH solution -- an end-to-end framework that leverages both metadata and hierarchy information. To incorporate metadata, we pre-train the embeddings of text and metadata in the same space and also leverage the fully-connected attentions to capture the interrelations between them. To leverage the label hierarchy, we propose different ways to regularize the parameters and output probability of each child label by its parents. Extensive experiments on two massive text datasets with large-scale label hierarchies demonstrate the effectiveness of MATCH over state-of-the-art deep learning baselines.

Many tasks in natural language processing can be viewed as multi-label classification problems. However, most of the existing models are trained with the standard cross-entropy loss function and use a fixed prediction policy (e.g., a threshold of 0.5) for all the labels, which completely ignores the complexity and dependencies among different labels. In this paper, we propose a meta-learning method to capture these complex label dependencies. More specifically, our method utilizes a meta-learner to jointly learn the training policies and prediction policies for different labels. The training policies are then used to train the classifier with the cross-entropy loss function, and the prediction policies are further implemented for prediction. Experimental results on fine-grained entity typing and text classification demonstrate that our proposed method can obtain more accurate multi-label classification results.