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We propose a cryptography-inspired model for nonlocal correlations. Following the celebrated De Broglie-Bohm theory, we model nonlocal boxes as realistic systems with instantaneous signalling at the hidden variable level. By introducing randomness in the distribution of the hidden variable, the superluminal signalling model is made compatible with the operational no-signalling condition. As the design mimics the famous symmetric key encryption system called {\it One Time Pads} (OTP), we call this the OTP model for nonlocal boxes. We demonstrate utility of this model in several esoteric examples related to the nonclassicality of nonlocal boxes. In particular, the breakdown of communication complexity using nonlocal boxes can be better understood in this framework. Furthermore, we discuss the Van Dam protocol and show its connection to homomorphic encryption in cryptography. We also discuss possible ways of encapsulating quantum realizable nonlocal correlations within this framework and show that the principle of Information Causality imposes further constraints at the hidden variable level. Present work thus orchestrates the results in classical cryptography to improve our understanding of nonlocal correlations and welcomes further research to this connection.

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ACM/IEEE第23屆模型驅動工程語言和系統國際會議,是模型驅動軟件和系統工程的首要會議系列,由ACM-SIGSOFT和IEEE-TCSE支持組織。自1998年以來,模型涵蓋了建模的各個方面,從語言和方法到工具和應用程序。模特的參加者來自不同的背景,包括研究人員、學者、工程師和工業專業人士。MODELS 2019是一個論壇,參與者可以圍繞建模和模型驅動的軟件和系統交流前沿研究成果和創新實踐經驗。今年的版本將為建模社區提供進一步推進建模基礎的機會,并在網絡物理系統、嵌入式系統、社會技術系統、云計算、大數據、機器學習、安全、開源等新興領域提出建模的創新應用以及可持續性。 官網鏈接: · 語言模型化 · INFORMS · Performer · CRAFT ·
2023 年 8 月 30 日

We present Text-to-OverpassQL, a task designed to facilitate a natural language interface for querying geodata from OpenStreetMap (OSM). The Overpass Query Language (OverpassQL) allows users to formulate complex database queries and is widely adopted in the OSM ecosystem. Generating Overpass queries from natural language input serves multiple use-cases. It enables novice users to utilize OverpassQL without prior knowledge, assists experienced users with crafting advanced queries, and enables tool-augmented large language models to access information stored in the OSM database. In order to assess the performance of current sequence generation models on this task, we propose OverpassNL, a dataset of 8,352 queries with corresponding natural language inputs. We further introduce task specific evaluation metrics and ground the evaluation of the Text-to-OverpassQL task by executing the queries against the OSM database. We establish strong baselines by finetuning sequence-to-sequence models and adapting large language models with in-context examples. The detailed evaluation reveals strengths and weaknesses of the considered learning strategies, laying the foundations for further research into the Text-to-OverpassQL task.

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown success in approximating complex distributions for synthetic image generation. However, current GAN-based methods for generating biometric images, such as iris, have certain limitations: (a) the synthetic images often closely resemble images in the training dataset; (b) the generated images lack diversity in terms of the number of unique identities represented in them; and (c) it is difficult to generate multiple images pertaining to the same identity. To overcome these issues, we propose iWarpGAN that disentangles identity and style in the context of the iris modality by using two transformation pathways: Identity Transformation Pathway to generate unique identities from the training set, and Style Transformation Pathway to extract the style code from a reference image and output an iris image using this style. By concatenating the transformed identity code and reference style code, iWarpGAN generates iris images with both inter- and intra-class variations. The efficacy of the proposed method in generating such iris DeepFakes is evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively using ISO/IEC 29794-6 Standard Quality Metrics and the VeriEye iris matcher. Further, the utility of the synthetically generated images is demonstrated by improving the performance of deep learning based iris matchers that augment synthetic data with real data during the training process.

In the evolving landscape of software development, Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit a unique phenomenon known as emergent abilities, demonstrating adeptness across numerous tasks, from text summarization to code generation. While these abilities open up novel avenues in software design and crafting, their incorporation presents substantial challenges. Developers grapple with decisions surrounding the direct embedding of LLMs within applications versus employing them for code generation. Moreover, effective prompt design becomes a critical concern, given the necessity of data extraction from natural language outputs. To address these intricacies, this paper introduces AskIt, a domain-specific language (DSL) specifically designed for LLMs. AskIt simplifies LLM integration, offering type-guided output control, template-based function definitions, and a unified interface that diminishes the distinction between LLM-based code generation and application integration. Furthermore, through Programming by Example (PBE), AskIt harnesses the power of few-shot learning at the programming language level. Our evaluations underscore AskIt's potency. Across 50 tasks, AskIt generated concise prompts for the given tasks, achieving a 16.14% reduction in prompt length relative to benchmarks. Additionally, by enabling the transition from direct LLM application usage to function generation, AskIt achieved significant speedups, as observed in our GSM8K benchmark experiments. Through these advancements, AskIt streamlines the integration of LLMs in software development, offering a more efficient, versatile approach for leveraging emergent abilities. The implementations of AskIt in TypeScript and Python are available at //github.com/katsumiok/ts-askit and //github.com/katsumiok/pyaskit, respectively.

The study investigates the potential of post-OCR models to overcome limitations in OCR models and explores the impact of incorporating glyph embedding on post-OCR correction performance. In this study, we have developed our own post-OCR correction model. The novelty of our approach lies in embedding the OCR output using CharBERT and our unique embedding technique, capturing the visual characteristics of characters. Our findings show that post-OCR correction effectively addresses deficiencies in inferior OCR models, and glyph embedding enables the model to achieve superior results, including the ability to correct individual words.

In stark contrast to the case of images, finding a concise, learnable discrete representation of 3D surfaces remains a challenge. In particular, while polygon meshes are arguably the most common surface representation used in geometry processing, their irregular and combinatorial structure often make them unsuitable for learning-based applications. In this work, we present VoroMesh, a novel and differentiable Voronoi-based representation of watertight 3D shape surfaces. From a set of 3D points (called generators) and their associated occupancy, we define our boundary representation through the Voronoi diagram of the generators as the subset of Voronoi faces whose two associated (equidistant) generators are of opposite occupancy: the resulting polygon mesh forms a watertight approximation of the target shape's boundary. To learn the position of the generators, we propose a novel loss function, dubbed VoroLoss, that minimizes the distance from ground truth surface samples to the closest faces of the Voronoi diagram which does not require an explicit construction of the entire Voronoi diagram. A direct optimization of the Voroloss to obtain generators on the Thingi32 dataset demonstrates the geometric efficiency of our representation compared to axiomatic meshing algorithms and recent learning-based mesh representations. We further use VoroMesh in a learning-based mesh prediction task from input SDF grids on the ABC dataset, and show comparable performance to state-of-the-art methods while guaranteeing closed output surfaces free of self-intersections.

This paper proposes a new method for determining the simulation parameters of the Jiles-Atherton Model used to simulate the first magnetization curve and hysteresis loop in ferromagnetic materials. The Jiles-Atherton Model is an important tool in engineering applications due to its relatively simple differential formulation. However, determining the simulation parameters for the anhysteretic curve is challenging. Several methods have been proposed, primarily based on mathematical aspects of the anhysteretic and first magnetization curves and hysteresis loops. This paper focuses on finding the magnetic moments of the material, which are used to define the simulation parameters for its anhysteretic curve. The proposed method involves using the susceptibility of the material and a linear approximation of a paramagnet to find the magnetic moments. The simulation parameters can then be found based on the magnetic moments. The method is validated theoretically and experimentally and offers a more physical approach to finding simulation parameters for the anhysteretic curve and a simplified way of determining the magnetic moments of the material.

Numerous solutions are proposed for the Traffic Signal Control (TSC) tasks aiming to provide efficient transportation and mitigate congestion waste. In recent, promising results have been attained by Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods through trial and error in simulators, bringing confidence in solving cities' congestion headaches. However, there still exist performance gaps when simulator-trained policies are deployed to the real world. This issue is mainly introduced by the system dynamic difference between the training simulator and the real-world environments. The Large Language Models (LLMs) are trained on mass knowledge and proved to be equipped with astonishing inference abilities. In this work, we leverage LLMs to understand and profile the system dynamics by a prompt-based grounded action transformation. Accepting the cloze prompt template, and then filling in the answer based on accessible context, the pre-trained LLM's inference ability is exploited and applied to understand how weather conditions, traffic states, and road types influence traffic dynamics, being aware of this, the policies' action is taken and grounded based on realistic dynamics, thus help the agent learn a more realistic policy. We conduct experiments using DQN to show the effectiveness of the proposed PromptGAT's ability in mitigating the performance gap from simulation to reality (sim-to-real).

Cross-modal retrieval has become popular in recent years, particularly with the rise of multimedia. Generally, the information from each modality exhibits distinct representations and semantic information, which makes feature tends to be in separate latent spaces encoded with dual-tower architecture and makes it difficult to establish semantic relationships between modalities, resulting in poor retrieval performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel framework for cross-modal retrieval which consists of a cross-modal mixer, a masked autoencoder for pre-training, and a cross-modal retriever for downstream tasks.In specific, we first adopt cross-modal mixer and mask modeling to fuse the original modality and eliminate redundancy. Then, an encoder-decoder architecture is applied to achieve a fuse-then-separate task in the pre-training phase.We feed masked fused representations into the encoder and reconstruct them with the decoder, ultimately separating the original data of two modalities. In downstream tasks, we use the pre-trained encoder to build the cross-modal retrieval method. Extensive experiments on 2 real-world datasets show that our approach outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods in video-audio matching tasks, improving retrieval accuracy by up to 2 times. Furthermore, we prove our model performance by transferring it to other downstream tasks as a universal model.

Seeing only a tiny part of the whole is not knowing the full circumstance. Bird's-eye-view (BEV) perception, a process of obtaining allocentric maps from egocentric views, is restricted when using a narrow Field of View (FoV) alone. In this work, mapping from 360{\deg} panoramas to BEV semantics, the 360BEV task, is established for the first time to achieve holistic representations of indoor scenes in a top-down view. Instead of relying on narrow-FoV image sequences, a panoramic image with depth information is sufficient to generate a holistic BEV semantic map. To benchmark 360BEV, we present two indoor datasets, 360BEV-Matterport and 360BEV-Stanford, both of which include egocentric panoramic images and semantic segmentation labels, as well as allocentric semantic maps. Besides delving deep into different mapping paradigms, we propose a dedicated solution for panoramic semantic mapping, namely 360Mapper. Through extensive experiments, our methods achieve 44.32% and 45.78% in mIoU on both datasets respectively, surpassing previous counterparts with gains of +7.60% and +9.70% in mIoU. Code and datasets are available at the project page: //jamycheung.github.io/360BEV.html.

Tracking any given object(s) spatially and temporally is a common purpose in Visual Object Tracking (VOT) and Video Object Segmentation (VOS). Joint tracking and segmentation have been attempted in some studies but they often lack full compatibility of both box and mask in initialization and prediction, and mainly focus on single-object scenarios. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Multi-object Mask-box Integrated framework for unified Tracking and Segmentation, dubbed MITS. Firstly, the unified identification module is proposed to support both box and mask reference for initialization, where detailed object information is inferred from boxes or directly retained from masks. Additionally, a novel pinpoint box predictor is proposed for accurate multi-object box prediction, facilitating target-oriented representation learning. All target objects are processed simultaneously from encoding to propagation and decoding, as a unified pipeline for VOT and VOS. Experimental results show MITS achieves state-of-the-art performance on both VOT and VOS benchmarks. Notably, MITS surpasses the best prior VOT competitor by around 6% on the GOT-10k test set, and significantly improves the performance of box initialization on VOS benchmarks. The code is available at //github.com/yoxu515/MITS.

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