The widespread usage of social networks during mass convergence events, such as health emergencies and disease outbreaks, provides instant access to citizen-generated data that carry rich information about public opinions, sentiments, urgent needs, and situational reports. Such information can help authorities understand the emergent situation and react accordingly. Moreover, social media plays a vital role in tackling misinformation and disinformation. This work presents TBCOV, a large-scale Twitter dataset comprising more than two billion multilingual tweets related to the COVID-19 pandemic collected worldwide over a continuous period of more than one year. More importantly, several state-of-the-art deep learning models are used to enrich the data with important attributes, including sentiment labels, named-entities (e.g., mentions of persons, organizations, locations), user types, and gender information. Last but not least, a geotagging method is proposed to assign country, state, county, and city information to tweets, enabling a myriad of data analysis tasks to understand real-world issues. Our sentiment and trend analyses reveal interesting insights and confirm TBCOV's broad coverage of important topics.
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《計算機信息》雜志發表高質量的論文，擴大了運籌學和計算的范圍，尋求有關理論、方法、實驗、系統和應用方面的原創研究論文、新穎的調查和教程論文，以及描述新的和有用的軟件工具的論文。官網鏈接： ·
COVID-19
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Extensibility
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可約的
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Wireless Networks
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As a worldwide pandemic, the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has caused serious restrictions in people's social life, along with the loss of lives, the collapse of economies and the disruption of humanitarian aids. Despite the advance of technological developments, we, as researchers, have witnessed that several issues need further investigation for a better response to a pandemic outbreak. With this motivation, researchers recently started developing ideas to stop or at least reduce the spread of the pandemic. While there have been some prior works on wireless networks for combating a pandemic scenario, vehicular networks and their potential bottlenecks have not yet been fully examined. This article provides an extensive discussion on vehicular networking for combating a pandemic. We provide the major applications of vehicular networking for combating COVID-19 in public transportation, in-vehicle diagnosis, border patrol and social distance monitoring. Next, we identify the unique characteristics of the collected data in terms of privacy, flexibility and coverage, then highlight corresponding future directions in privacy preservation, resource allocation, data caching and data routing. We believe that this work paves the way for the development of new products and algorithms that can facilitate the social life and help controlling the spread of the pandemic.
Hashtag segmentation, also known as hashtag decomposition, is a common step in preprocessing pipelines for social media datasets. It usually precedes tasks such as sentiment analysis and hate speech detection. For sentiment analysis in medium to low-resourced languages, previous research has demonstrated that a multilingual approach that resorts to machine translation can be competitive or superior to previous approaches to the task. We develop a zero-shot hashtag segmentation framework and demonstrate how it can be used to improve the accuracy of multilingual sentiment analysis pipelines. Our zero-shot framework establishes a new state-of-the-art for hashtag segmentation datasets, surpassing even previous approaches that relied on feature engineering and language models trained on in-domain data.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected societies and human health and well-being in various ways. In this study, we collected Reddit data from 2019 (pre-pandemic) and 2020 (pandemic) from the subreddits communities associated with 8 universities, applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques, and trained graphical neural networks with social media data, to study how the pandemic has affected people's emotions and psychological states compared to the pre-pandemic era. Specifically, we first applied a pre-trained Robustly Optimized BERT pre-training approach (RoBERTa) to learn embedding from the semantic information of Reddit messages and trained a graph attention network (GAT) for sentiment classification. The usage of GAT allows us to leverage the relational information among the messages during training. We then applied subgroup-adaptive model stacking to combine the prediction probabilities from RoBERTa and GAT to yield the final classification on sentiment. With the manually labeled and model-predicted sentiment labels on the collected data, we applied a generalized linear mixed-effects model to estimate the effects of pandemic and online teaching on people's sentiment in a statistically significant manner. The results suggest the odds of negative sentiments in 2020 is $14.6\%$ higher than the odds in 2019 ($p$-value $<0.001$), and the odds of negative sentiments are $41.6\%$ higher with in-person teaching than with online teaching in 2020 ($p$-value $=0.037$) in the studied population.
Millions of people have died all across the world because of the COVID-19 outbreak. Researchers worldwide are working together and facing many challenges to bring out the proper vaccines to prevent this infectious virus. Therefore, in this study, a system has been designed which will be adequate to stop the outbreak of COVID-19 by spreading awareness of the COVID-19 infected patient situated area. The model has been formulated for Location base COVID-19 patient identification using mobile crowdsourcing. In this system, the government will update the information about inflected COVID-19 patients. It will notify other users in the vulnerable area to stay at 6 feet or 1.8-meter distance to remain safe. We utilized the Haversine formula and circle formula to generate the unsafe area. Ten thousand valid information has been collected to support the results of this research. The algorithm is tested for 10 test cases every time, and the datasets are increased by 1000. The run time of that algorithm is growing linearly. Thus, we can say that the proposed algorithm can run in polynomial time. The algorithm's correctness is also being tested where it is found that the proposed algorithm is correct and efficient. We also implement the system, and the application is evaluated by taking feedback from users. Thus, people can use our system to keep themselves in a safe area and decrease COVID patients' rate.
Vaccine hesitancy and other COVID-19-related concerns and complaints in the Philippines are evident on social media. It is important to identify these different topics and sentiments in order to gauge public opinion, use the insights to develop policies, and make necessary adjustments or actions to improve public image and reputation of the administering agency and the COVID-19 vaccines themselves. This paper proposes a semi-supervised machine learning pipeline to perform topic modeling, sentiment analysis, and an analysis of vaccine brand reputation to obtain an in-depth understanding of national public opinion of Filipinos on Facebook. The methodology makes use of a multilingual version of Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers or BERT for topic modeling, hierarchical clustering, five different classifiers for sentiment analysis, and cosine similarity of BERT topic embeddings for vaccine brand reputation analysis. Results suggest that any type of COVID-19 misinformation is an emergent property of COVID-19 public opinion, and that the detection of COVID-19 misinformation can be an unsupervised task. Sentiment analysis aided by hierarchical clustering reveal that 21 of the 25 topics extrapolated by topic modeling are negative topics. Such negative comments spike in count whenever the Department of Health in the Philippines posts about the COVID-19 situation in other countries. Additionally, the high numbers of laugh reactions on the Facebook posts by the same agency -- without any humorous content -- suggest that the reactors of these posts tend to react the way they do, not because of what the posts are about but because of who posted them.
The outbreak of the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has lasted for nearly two years and caused unprecedented impacts on people's daily life around the world. Even worse, the emergence of the COVID-19 Delta variant once again puts the world in danger. Fortunately, many countries and companies have started to develop coronavirus vaccines since the beginning of this disaster. Till now, more than 20 vaccines have been approved by the World Health Organization (WHO), bringing light to people besieged by the pandemic. The promotion of COVID-19 vaccination around the world also brings a lot of discussions on social media about different aspects of vaccines, such as efficacy and security. However, there does not exist much research work to systematically analyze public opinion towards COVID-19 vaccines. In this study, we conduct an in-depth analysis of tweets related to the coronavirus vaccine on Twitter to understand the trending topics and their corresponding sentimental polarities regarding the country and vaccine levels. The results show that a majority of people are confident in the effectiveness of vaccines and are willing to get vaccinated. In contrast, the negative tweets are often associated with the complaints of vaccine shortages, side effects after injections and possible death after being vaccinated. Overall, this study exploits popular NLP and topic modeling methods to mine people's opinions on the COVID-19 vaccines on social media and to analyse and visualise them objectively. Our findings can improve the readability of the noisy information on social media and provide effective data support for the government and policy makers.
Background: Social media has the capacity to afford the healthcare industry with valuable feedback from patients who reveal and express their medical decision-making process, as well as self-reported quality of life indicators both during and post treatment. In prior work, [Crannell et. al.], we have studied an active cancer patient population on Twitter and compiled a set of tweets describing their experience with this disease. We refer to these online public testimonies as "Invisible Patient Reported Outcomes" (iPROs), because they carry relevant indicators, yet are difficult to capture by conventional means of self-report. Methods: Our present study aims to identify tweets related to the patient experience as an additional informative tool for monitoring public health. Using Twitter's public streaming API, we compiled over 5.3 million "breast cancer" related tweets spanning September 2016 until mid December 2017. We combined supervised machine learning methods with natural language processing to sift tweets relevant to breast cancer patient experiences. We analyzed a sample of 845 breast cancer patient and survivor accounts, responsible for over 48,000 posts. We investigated tweet content with a hedonometric sentiment analysis to quantitatively extract emotionally charged topics. Results: We found that positive experiences were shared regarding patient treatment, raising support, and spreading awareness. Further discussions related to healthcare were prevalent and largely negative focusing on fear of political legislation that could result in loss of coverage. Conclusions: Social media can provide a positive outlet for patients to discuss their needs and concerns regarding their healthcare coverage and treatment needs. Capturing iPROs from online communication can help inform healthcare professionals and lead to more connected and personalized treatment regimens.
A recent research trend has emerged to identify developers' emotions, by applying sentiment analysis to the content of communication traces left in collaborative development environments. Trying to overcome the limitations posed by using off-the-shelf sentiment analysis tools, researchers recently started to develop their own tools for the software engineering domain. In this paper, we report a benchmark study to assess the performance and reliability of three sentiment analysis tools specifically customized for software engineering. Furthermore, we offer a reflection on the open challenges, as they emerge from a qualitative analysis of misclassified texts.
Social Media users tend to mention entities when reacting to news events. The main purpose of this work is to create entity-centric aggregations of tweets on a daily basis. By applying topic modeling and sentiment analysis, we create data visualization insights about current events and people reactions to those events from an entity-centric perspective.
This project addresses the problem of sentiment analysis in twitter; that is classifying tweets according to the sentiment expressed in them: positive, negative or neutral. Twitter is an online micro-blogging and social-networking platform which allows users to write short status updates of maximum length 140 characters. It is a rapidly expanding service with over 200 million registered users - out of which 100 million are active users and half of them log on twitter on a daily basis - generating nearly 250 million tweets per day. Due to this large amount of usage we hope to achieve a reflection of public sentiment by analysing the sentiments expressed in the tweets. Analysing the public sentiment is important for many applications such as firms trying to find out the response of their products in the market, predicting political elections and predicting socioeconomic phenomena like stock exchange. The aim of this project is to develop a functional classifier for accurate and automatic sentiment classification of an unknown tweet stream.
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