This paper addresses the question of how and with what consequences anonymity is used as a creative element in experiments dealing with alternative forms of knowledge production. More specifically, the focus is on a particular current in contemporary dance, experimental dance. This has developed in the course of the 1970s. Its guiding idea is to shift the focus away from finished choreography and performance to the processuality, spontaneity, and experience of dance practice itself. Dance is seen as a laboratory in which to experiment with gravity, body boundaries, group dynamics and perception. The focus is on testing, touching, trying. The corresponding events are called either 'Dance Labs' or 'Movement Research Workshops', depending on the regularity. An instrument that is often used in the context of such events to create specific social situations and group dynamics or to channel perceptions in certain directions is anonymity. Anonymity is broadly understood as the capping of connections that results in a degree of unaccountability with respect to various aspects of a person, situation, or activity. For example, unaccountability can arise from the fact that people can no longer see each other, so that visual identification becomes impossible, even if only temporarily. By breaking familiar modes of identification, other forms of relating can sometimes be emphasized. This is what makes this form of anonymity so interesting for experimental dance.
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Group一直是研究計算機支持的合作工作、人機交互、計算機支持的協作學習和社會技術研究的主要場所。該會議將社會科學、計算機科學、工程、設計、價值觀以及其他與小組工作相關的多個不同主題的工作結合起來，并進行了廣泛的概念化。官網鏈接： ·
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We study a new class of NP search problems, those which can be proved total using standard combinatorial reasoning based on approximate counting. Our model for this kind of reasoning is the bounded arithmetic theory $\mathrm{APC}_2$ of [Je\v{r}\'abek 2009]. In particular, the Ramsey and weak pigeonhole search problems lie in the new class. We give a purely computational characterization of this class and show that, relative to an oracle, it does not contain the problem CPLS, a strengthening of PLS. As CPLS is provably total in the theory $T^2_2$, this shows that $\mathrm{APC}_2$ does not prove every $\forall \Sigma^b_1$ sentence which is provable in bounded arithmetic. This answers the question posed in [Buss, Ko{\l}odziejczyk, Thapen 2014] and represents some progress in the programme of separating the levels of the bounded arithmetic hierarchy by low-complexity sentences. Our main technical tool is an extension of the "fixing lemma" from [Pudl\'ak, Thapen 2017], a form of switching lemma, which we use to show that a random partial oracle from a certain distribution will, with high probability, determine an entire computation of a $\textrm{P}^{\textrm{NP}}$ oracle machine. The introduction to the paper is intended to make the statements and context of the results accessible to someone unfamiliar with NP search problems or with bounded arithmetic.
This paper provides a review of the job recommender system (JRS) literature published in the past decade (2011-2021). Compared to previous literature reviews, we put more emphasis on contributions that incorporate the temporal and reciprocal nature of job recommendations. Previous studies on JRS suggest that taking such views into account in the design of the JRS can lead to improved model performance. Also, it may lead to a more uniform distribution of candidates over a set of similar jobs. We also consider the literature from the perspective of algorithm fairness. Here we find that this is rarely discussed in the literature, and if it is discussed, many authors wrongly assume that removing the discriminatory feature would be sufficient. With respect to the type of models used in JRS, authors frequently label their method as `hybrid'. Unfortunately, they thereby obscure what these methods entail. Using existing recommender taxonomies, we split this large class of hybrids into subcategories that are easier to analyse. We further find that data availability, and in particular the availability of click data, has a large impact on the choice of method and validation. Last, although the generalizability of JRS across different datasets is infrequently considered, results suggest that error scores may vary across these datasets.
Social media platforms provide a goldmine for mining public opinion on issues of wide societal interest and impact. Opinion mining is a problem that can be operationalised by capturing and aggregating the stance of individual social media posts as supporting, opposing or being neutral towards the issue at hand. While most prior work in stance detection has investigated datasets that cover short periods of time, interest in investigating longitudinal datasets has recently increased. Evolving dynamics in linguistic and behavioural patterns observed in new data require adapting stance detection systems to deal with the changes. In this survey paper, we investigate the intersection between computational linguistics and the temporal evolution of human communication in digital media. We perform a critical review of emerging research considering dynamics, exploring different semantic and pragmatic factors that impact linguistic data in general, and stance in particular. We further discuss current directions in capturing stance dynamics in social media. We discuss the challenges encountered when dealing with stance dynamics, identify open challenges and discuss future directions in three key dimensions: utterance, context and influence.
In real-world applications, data often come in a growing manner, where the data volume and the number of classes may increase dynamically. This will bring a critical challenge for learning: given the increasing data volume or the number of classes, one has to instantaneously adjust the neural model capacity to obtain promising performance. Existing methods either ignore the growing nature of data or seek to independently search an optimal architecture for a given dataset, and thus are incapable of promptly adjusting the architectures for the changed data. To address this, we present a neural architecture adaptation method, namely Adaptation eXpert (AdaXpert), to efficiently adjust previous architectures on the growing data. Specifically, we introduce an architecture adjuster to generate a suitable architecture for each data snapshot, based on the previous architecture and the different extent between current and previous data distributions. Furthermore, we propose an adaptation condition to determine the necessity of adjustment, thereby avoiding unnecessary and time-consuming adjustments. Extensive experiments on two growth scenarios (increasing data volume and number of classes) demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
It has been a long time that computer architecture and systems are optimized to enable efficient execution of machine learning (ML) algorithms or models. Now, it is time to reconsider the relationship between ML and systems, and let ML transform the way that computer architecture and systems are designed. This embraces a twofold meaning: the improvement of designers' productivity, and the completion of the virtuous cycle. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of work that applies ML for system design, which can be grouped into two major categories, ML-based modelling that involves predictions of performance metrics or some other criteria of interest, and ML-based design methodology that directly leverages ML as the design tool. For ML-based modelling, we discuss existing studies based on their target level of system, ranging from the circuit level to the architecture/system level. For ML-based design methodology, we follow a bottom-up path to review current work, with a scope of (micro-)architecture design (memory, branch prediction, NoC), coordination between architecture/system and workload (resource allocation and management, data center management, and security), compiler, and design automation. We further provide a future vision of opportunities and potential directions, and envision that applying ML for computer architecture and systems would thrive in the community.
As we seek to deploy machine learning models beyond virtual and controlled domains, it is critical to analyze not only the accuracy or the fact that it works most of the time, but if such a model is truly robust and reliable. This paper studies strategies to implement adversary robustly trained algorithms towards guaranteeing safety in machine learning algorithms. We provide a taxonomy to classify adversarial attacks and defenses, formulate the Robust Optimization problem in a min-max setting and divide it into 3 subcategories, namely: Adversarial (re)Training, Regularization Approach, and Certified Defenses. We survey the most recent and important results in adversarial example generation, defense mechanisms with adversarial (re)Training as their main defense against perturbations. We also survey mothods that add regularization terms that change the behavior of the gradient, making it harder for attackers to achieve their objective. Alternatively, we've surveyed methods which formally derive certificates of robustness by exactly solving the optimization problem or by approximations using upper or lower bounds. In addition, we discuss the challenges faced by most of the recent algorithms presenting future research perspectives.
We study the use of the Wave-U-Net architecture for speech enhancement, a model introduced by Stoller et al for the separation of music vocals and accompaniment. This end-to-end learning method for audio source separation operates directly in the time domain, permitting the integrated modelling of phase information and being able to take large temporal contexts into account. Our experiments show that the proposed method improves several metrics, namely PESQ, CSIG, CBAK, COVL and SSNR, over the state-of-the-art with respect to the speech enhancement task on the Voice Bank corpus (VCTK) dataset. We find that a reduced number of hidden layers is sufficient for speech enhancement in comparison to the original system designed for singing voice separation in music. We see this initial result as an encouraging signal to further explore speech enhancement in the time-domain, both as an end in itself and as a pre-processing step to speech recognition systems.
Deep Learning has enabled remarkable progress over the last years on a variety of tasks, such as image recognition, speech recognition, and machine translation. One crucial aspect for this progress are novel neural architectures. Currently employed architectures have mostly been developed manually by human experts, which is a time-consuming and error-prone process. Because of this, there is growing interest in automated neural architecture search methods. We provide an overview of existing work in this field of research and categorize them according to three dimensions: search space, search strategy, and performance estimation strategy.
Music recommender systems (MRS) have experienced a boom in recent years, thanks to the emergence and success of online streaming services, which nowadays make available almost all music in the world at the user's fingertip. While today's MRS considerably help users to find interesting music in these huge catalogs, MRS research is still facing substantial challenges. In particular when it comes to build, incorporate, and evaluate recommendation strategies that integrate information beyond simple user--item interactions or content-based descriptors, but dig deep into the very essence of listener needs, preferences, and intentions, MRS research becomes a big endeavor and related publications quite sparse. The purpose of this trends and survey article is twofold. We first identify and shed light on what we believe are the most pressing challenges MRS research is facing, from both academic and industry perspectives. We review the state of the art towards solving these challenges and discuss its limitations. Second, we detail possible future directions and visions we contemplate for the further evolution of the field. The article should therefore serve two purposes: giving the interested reader an overview of current challenges in MRS research and providing guidance for young researchers by identifying interesting, yet under-researched, directions in the field.
We consider the task of learning the parameters of a {\em single} component of a mixture model, for the case when we are given {\em side information} about that component, we call this the "search problem" in mixture models. We would like to solve this with computational and sample complexity lower than solving the overall original problem, where one learns parameters of all components. Our main contributions are the development of a simple but general model for the notion of side information, and a corresponding simple matrix-based algorithm for solving the search problem in this general setting. We then specialize this model and algorithm to four common scenarios: Gaussian mixture models, LDA topic models, subspace clustering, and mixed linear regression. For each one of these we show that if (and only if) the side information is informative, we obtain parameter estimates with greater accuracy, and also improved computation complexity than existing moment based mixture model algorithms (e.g. tensor methods). We also illustrate several natural ways one can obtain such side information, for specific problem instances. Our experiments on real data sets (NY Times, Yelp, BSDS500) further demonstrate the practicality of our algorithms showing significant improvement in runtime and accuracy.
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