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This paper introduces RealityEffects, a desktop authoring interface designed for editing and augmenting 3D volumetric videos with object-centric annotations and visual effects. RealityEffects enhances volumetric capture by introducing a novel method for augmenting captured physical motion with embedded, responsive visual effects, referred to as object-centric augmentation. In RealityEffects, users can interactively attach various visual effects to physical objects within the captured 3D scene, enabling these effects to dynamically move and animate in sync with the corresponding physical motion and body movements. The primary contribution of this paper is the development of a taxonomy for such object-centric augmentations, which includes annotated labels, highlighted objects, ghost effects, and trajectory visualization. This taxonomy is informed by an analysis of 120 edited videos featuring object-centric visual effects. The findings from our user study confirm that our direct manipulation techniques lower the barriers to editing and annotating volumetric captures, thereby enhancing interactive and engaging viewing experiences of 3D volumetric videos.

相關內容

 3D是英文“Three Dimensions”的簡稱,中文是指三維、三個維度、三個坐標,即有長、有寬、有高,換句話說,就是立體的,是相對于只有長和寬的平面(2D)而言。

Recent advances in 3D AIGC have shown promise in directly creating 3D objects from text and images, offering significant cost savings in animation and product design. However, detailed edit and customization of 3D assets remains a long-standing challenge. Specifically, 3D Generation methods lack the ability to follow finely detailed instructions as precisely as their 2D image creation counterparts. Imagine you can get a toy through 3D AIGC but with undesired accessories and dressing. To tackle this challenge, we propose a novel pipeline called Tailor3D, which swiftly creates customized 3D assets from editable dual-side images. We aim to emulate a tailor's ability to locally change objects or perform overall style transfer. Unlike creating 3D assets from multiple views, using dual-side images eliminates conflicts on overlapping areas that occur when editing individual views. Specifically, it begins by editing the front view, then generates the back view of the object through multi-view diffusion. Afterward, it proceeds to edit the back views. Finally, a Dual-sided LRM is proposed to seamlessly stitch together the front and back 3D features, akin to a tailor sewing together the front and back of a garment. The Dual-sided LRM rectifies imperfect consistencies between the front and back views, enhancing editing capabilities and reducing memory burdens while seamlessly integrating them into a unified 3D representation with the LoRA Triplane Transformer. Experimental results demonstrate Tailor3D's effectiveness across various 3D generation and editing tasks, including 3D generative fill and style transfer. It provides a user-friendly, efficient solution for editing 3D assets, with each editing step taking only seconds to complete.

Personalized text-to-image generation models enable users to create images that depict their individual possessions in diverse scenes, finding applications in various domains. To achieve the personalization capability, existing methods rely on finetuning a text-to-image foundation model on a user's custom dataset, which can be non-trivial for general users, resource-intensive, and time-consuming. Despite attempts to develop finetuning-free methods, their generation quality is much lower compared to their finetuning counterparts. In this paper, we propose Joint-Image Diffusion (\jedi), an effective technique for learning a finetuning-free personalization model. Our key idea is to learn the joint distribution of multiple related text-image pairs that share a common subject. To facilitate learning, we propose a scalable synthetic dataset generation technique. Once trained, our model enables fast and easy personalization at test time by simply using reference images as input during the sampling process. Our approach does not require any expensive optimization process or additional modules and can faithfully preserve the identity represented by any number of reference images. Experimental results show that our model achieves state-of-the-art generation quality, both quantitatively and qualitatively, significantly outperforming both the prior finetuning-based and finetuning-free personalization baselines.

We introduce MMIS, a novel dataset designed to advance MultiModal Interior Scene generation and recognition. MMIS consists of nearly 160,000 images. Each image within the dataset is accompanied by its corresponding textual description and an audio recording of that description, providing rich and diverse sources of information for scene generation and recognition. MMIS encompasses a wide range of interior spaces, capturing various styles, layouts, and furnishings. To construct this dataset, we employed careful processes involving the collection of images, the generation of textual descriptions, and corresponding speech annotations. The presented dataset contributes to research in multi-modal representation learning tasks such as image generation, retrieval, captioning, and classification.

In real-world scenarios, image impairments often manifest as composite degradations, presenting a complex interplay of elements such as low light, haze, rain, and snow. Despite this reality, existing restoration methods typically target isolated degradation types, thereby falling short in environments where multiple degrading factors coexist. To bridge this gap, our study proposes a versatile imaging model that consolidates four physical corruption paradigms to accurately represent complex, composite degradation scenarios. In this context, we propose OneRestore, a novel transformer-based framework designed for adaptive, controllable scene restoration. The proposed framework leverages a unique cross-attention mechanism, merging degraded scene descriptors with image features, allowing for nuanced restoration. Our model allows versatile input scene descriptors, ranging from manual text embeddings to automatic extractions based on visual attributes. Our methodology is further enhanced through a composite degradation restoration loss, using extra degraded images as negative samples to fortify model constraints. Comparative results on synthetic and real-world datasets demonstrate OneRestore as a superior solution, significantly advancing the state-of-the-art in addressing complex, composite degradations.

Multicasting is a vital information dissemination technique in Software-Defined Networking (SDN). With SDN, a multicast service can incorporate network functions implemented at different nodes, which is referred to as software-defined multicast. Emerging ubiquitous wireless networks for 5G and Beyond (B5G) inherently support multicast. However, the broadcast nature of wireless channels, especially in dense deployments, leads to neighborhood interference as a primary system degradation factor, which introduces a new challenge for software-defined multicast in wireless mesh networks. To tackle this, this paper introduces an innovative approach, based on the idea of minimizing both the total length cost of the multicast tree and the interference at the same time. Accordingly, a novel bicriteria optimization problem is formulated--\emph{Minimum Interference Steiner Tree (MIST)}, which is the edge-weighted variant of the vertex-weighted secluded Steiner tree problem \cite{chechik2013secluded}. To solve the bicriteria problem, instead of resorting to heuristics, this paper employs an innovative approach that is an approximate algorithm for MIST but with guaranteed performance. Specifically, the approach exploits the monotone submodularity property of the interference metric and identifies Pareto optimal solutions for MIST, then converts the problem into the submodular minimization under Steiner tree constraints, and designs a two-stage relaxation algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate and validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.

This paper delves into the synergistic potential of adaptive video streaming over emerging 6G wireless networks, emphasizing innovative buffer control techniques and detailed analysis of user viewing behaviors. As 6G technology heralds a new era with significantly enhanced capabilities including higher bandwidths, lower latencies, and increased connection densities, it is poised to fundamentally transform video streaming services. This study explores the integration of these technological advancements to optimize video streaming processes, ensuring seamless service delivery and superior Quality of Experience (QoE) for users. We propose novel buffer management strategies that leverage the ultra-reliable and low-latency communication features of 6G networks to mitigate issues related to video streaming such as rebuffering and quality fluctuations. Additionally, we examine how insights into viewing behaviors can inform adaptive streaming algorithms, allowing for real-time adjustments that align with user preferences and viewing conditions. The implications of our findings are demonstrated through rigorous simulation studies, which validate the effectiveness of our proposed solutions across diverse scenarios. This research not only highlights the challenges faced in deploying adaptive streaming solutions over 6G but also outlines future directions for research and development in this fast-evolving field.

This paper introduces Standard Basis LoRA (SBoRA), a novel parameter-efficient fine-tuning approach for Large Language Models that builds upon the pioneering works of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and Orthogonal Adaptation. SBoRA further reduces the computational and memory requirements of LoRA while enhancing learning performance. By leveraging orthogonal standard basis vectors to initialize one of the low-rank matrices, either A or B, SBoRA enables regional weight updates and memory-efficient fine-tuning. This approach gives rise to two variants, SBoRA-FA and SBoRA-FB, where only one of the matrices is updated, resulting in a sparse update matrix with a majority of zero rows or columns. Consequently, the majority of the fine-tuned model's weights remain unchanged from the pre-trained weights. This characteristic of SBoRA, wherein regional weight updates occur, is reminiscent of the modular organization of the human brain, which efficiently adapts to new tasks. Our empirical results demonstrate the superiority of SBoRA-FA over LoRA in various fine-tuning tasks, including commonsense reasoning and arithmetic reasoning. Furthermore, we evaluate the effectiveness of QSBoRA on quantized LLaMA models of varying scales, highlighting its potential for efficient adaptation to new tasks. Code is available at //github.com/CityUHK-AI/SBoRA

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are flourishing, but mainly focus on images with less attention than videos, especially in sub-fields such as prompt engineering, video chain-of-thought (CoT), and instruction tuning on videos. Therefore, we try to explore the collection of CoT datasets in videos to lead to video OpenQA and improve the reasoning ability of MLLMs. Unfortunately, making such video CoT datasets is not an easy task. Given that human annotation is too cumbersome and expensive, while machine-generated is not reliable due to the hallucination issue, we develop an automatic annotation tool that combines machine and human experts, under the active learning paradigm. Active learning is an interactive strategy between the model and human experts, in this way, the workload of human labeling can be reduced and the quality of the dataset can be guaranteed. With the help of the automatic annotation tool, we strive to contribute three datasets, namely VideoCoT, TopicQA, TopicCoT. Furthermore, we propose a simple but effective benchmark based on the collected datasets, which exploits CoT to maximize the complex reasoning capabilities of MLLMs. Extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness our solution.

This work aims to advance sound event detection (SED) research by presenting a new large language model (LLM)-powered dataset namely wild domestic environment sound event detection (WildDESED). It is crafted as an extension to the original DESED dataset to reflect diverse acoustic variability and complex noises in home settings. We leveraged LLMs to generate eight different domestic scenarios based on target sound categories of the DESED dataset. Then we enriched the scenarios with a carefully tailored mixture of noises selected from AudioSet and ensured no overlap with target sound. We consider widely popular convolutional neural recurrent network to study WildDESED dataset, which depicts its challenging nature. We then apply curriculum learning by gradually increasing noise complexity to enhance the model's generalization capabilities across various noise levels. Our results with this approach show improvements within the noisy environment, validating the effectiveness on the WildDESED dataset promoting noise-robust SED advancements.

This paper introduces a tool for verifying Python programs, which, using type annotation and front-end processing, can harness the capabilities of a bounded model-checking (BMC) pipeline. It transforms an input program into an abstract syntax tree to infer and add type information. Then, it translates Python expressions and statements into an intermediate representation. Finally, it converts this description into formulae evaluated with satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) solvers. The proposed approach was realized with the efficient SMT-based bounded model checker (ESBMC), which resulted in a tool called ESBMC-Python, the first BMC-based Python-code verifier. Experimental results, with a test suite specifically developed for this purpose, showed its effectiveness, where successful and failed tests were correctly evaluated. Moreover, it found a real problem in the Ethereum Consensus Specification.

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