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Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is an essential yet challenging task in signal processing. Since certain anomalies cannot be detected by isolated analysis of either temporal or spatial information, the interaction between these two types of data is considered crucial for VAD. However, current dual-stream architectures either confine this integral interaction to the bottleneck of the autoencoder or introduce anomaly-irrelevant background pixels into the interactive process, hindering the accuracy of VAD. To address these deficiencies, we propose a Multi-scale Spatial-Temporal Interaction Network (MSTI-Net) for VAD. First, to prioritize the detection of moving objects in the scene and harmonize the substantial semantic discrepancies between the two types of data, we propose an Attention-based Spatial-Temporal Fusion Module (ASTFM) as a substitute for the conventional direct fusion. Furthermore, we inject multi-ASTFM-based connections that bridge the appearance and motion streams of the dual-stream network, thus fostering multi-scale spatial-temporal interaction. Finally, to bolster the delineation between normal and abnormal activities, our system records the regular information in a memory module. Experimental results on three benchmark datasets validate the effectiveness of our approach, which achieves AUCs of 96.8%, 87.6%, and 73.9% on the UCSD Ped2, CUHK Avenue, and ShanghaiTech datasets, respectively.

Recent one-stage transformer-based methods achieve notable gains in the Human-object Interaction Detection (HOI) task by leveraging the detection of DETR. However, the current methods redirect the detection target of the object decoder, and the box target is not explicitly separated from the query embeddings, which leads to long and hard training. Furthermore, matching the predicted HOI instances with the ground-truth is more challenging than object detection, simply adapting training strategies from the object detection makes the training more difficult. To clear the ambiguity between human and object detection and share the prediction burden, we propose a novel one-stage framework (SOV), which consists of a subject decoder, an object decoder, and a verb decoder. Moreover, we propose a novel Specific Target Guided (STG) DeNoising strategy, which leverages learnable object and verb label embeddings to guide the training and accelerates the training convergence. In addition, for the inference part, the label-specific information is directly fed into the decoders by initializing the query embeddings from the learnable label embeddings. Without additional features or prior language knowledge, our method (SOV-STG) achieves higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art method in one-third of training epochs. The code is available at \url{//github.com/cjw2021/SOV-STG}.

Recommender systems play a crucial role in helping users discover information that aligns with their interests based on their past behaviors. However, developing personalized recommendation systems becomes challenging when historical records of user-item interactions are unavailable, leading to what is known as the system cold-start recommendation problem. This issue is particularly prominent in start-up businesses or platforms with insufficient user engagement history. Previous studies focus on user or item cold-start scenarios, where systems could make recommendations for new users or items but are still trained with historical user-item interactions in the same domain, which cannot solve our problem. To bridge the gap, our research introduces an innovative and effective approach, capitalizing on the capabilities of pre-trained language models. We transform the recommendation process into sentiment analysis of natural languages containing information of user profiles and item attributes, where the sentiment polarity is predicted with prompt learning. By harnessing the extensive knowledge housed within language models, the prediction can be made without historical user-item interaction records. A benchmark is also introduced to evaluate the proposed method under the cold-start setting, and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to tackle the system cold-start recommendation problem. The benchmark and implementation of the method are available at //github.com/JacksonWuxs/PromptRec.

Modern remote sensing image change detection has witnessed substantial advancements by harnessing the potent feature extraction capabilities of CNNs and Transforms.Yet,prevailing change detection techniques consistently prioritize extracting semantic features related to significant alterations,overlooking the viability of directly interacting with bitemporal image features.In this letter,we propose a bitemporal image graph Interaction network for remote sensing change detection,namely BGINet-CD. More specifically,by leveraging the concept of non-local operations and mapping the features obtained from the backbone network to the graph structure space,we propose a unified self-focus mechanism for bitemporal images.This approach enhances the information coupling between the two temporal images while effectively suppressing task-irrelevant interference,Based on a streamlined backbone architecture,namely ResNet18,our model demonstrates superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods (SOTA) on the GZ CD dataset. Moreover,the model exhibits an enhanced trade-off between accuracy and computational efficiency,further improving its overall effectiveness

Since the cyberspace consolidated as fifth warfare dimension, the different actors of the defense sector began an arms race toward achieving cyber superiority, on which research, academic and industrial stakeholders contribute from a dual vision, mostly linked to a large and heterogeneous heritage of developments and adoption of civilian cybersecurity capabilities. In this context, augmenting the conscious of the context and warfare environment, risks and impacts of cyber threats on kinetic actuations became a critical rule-changer that military decision-makers are considering. A major challenge on acquiring mission-centric Cyber Situational Awareness (CSA) is the dynamic inference and assessment of the vertical propagations from situations that occurred at the mission supportive Information and Communications Technologies (ICT), up to their relevance at military tactical, operational and strategical views. In order to contribute on acquiring CSA, this paper addresses a major gap in the cyber defence state-of-the-art: the dynamic identification of Key Cyber Terrains (KCT) on a mission-centric context. Accordingly, the proposed KCT identification approach explores the dependency degrees among tasks and assets defined by commanders as part of the assessment criteria. These are correlated with the discoveries on the operational network and the asset vulnerabilities identified thorough the supported mission development. The proposal is presented as a reference model that reveals key aspects for mission-centric KCT analysis and supports its enforcement and further enforcement by including an illustrative application case.

Benefit from the quick development of deep learning techniques, salient object detection has achieved remarkable progresses recently. However, there still exists following two major challenges that hinder its application in embedded devices, low resolution output and heavy model weight. To this end, this paper presents an accurate yet compact deep network for efficient salient object detection. More specifically, given a coarse saliency prediction in the deepest layer, we first employ residual learning to learn side-output residual features for saliency refinement, which can be achieved with very limited convolutional parameters while keep accuracy. Secondly, we further propose reverse attention to guide such side-output residual learning in a top-down manner. By erasing the current predicted salient regions from side-output features, the network can eventually explore the missing object parts and details which results in high resolution and accuracy. Experiments on six benchmark datasets demonstrate that the proposed approach compares favorably against state-of-the-art methods, and with advantages in terms of simplicity, efficiency (45 FPS) and model size (81 MB).

Image-to-image translation aims to learn the mapping between two visual domains. There are two main challenges for many applications: 1) the lack of aligned training pairs and 2) multiple possible outputs from a single input image. In this work, we present an approach based on disentangled representation for producing diverse outputs without paired training images. To achieve diversity, we propose to embed images onto two spaces: a domain-invariant content space capturing shared information across domains and a domain-specific attribute space. Our model takes the encoded content features extracted from a given input and the attribute vectors sampled from the attribute space to produce diverse outputs at test time. To handle unpaired training data, we introduce a novel cross-cycle consistency loss based on disentangled representations. Qualitative results show that our model can generate diverse and realistic images on a wide range of tasks without paired training data. For quantitative comparisons, we measure realism with user study and diversity with a perceptual distance metric. We apply the proposed model to domain adaptation and show competitive performance when compared to the state-of-the-art on the MNIST-M and the LineMod datasets.

We propose a new method for event extraction (EE) task based on an imitation learning framework, specifically, inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) via generative adversarial network (GAN). The GAN estimates proper rewards according to the difference between the actions committed by the expert (or ground truth) and the agent among complicated states in the environment. EE task benefits from these dynamic rewards because instances and labels yield to various extents of difficulty and the gains are expected to be diverse -- e.g., an ambiguous but correctly detected trigger or argument should receive high gains -- while the traditional RL models usually neglect such differences and pay equal attention on all instances. Moreover, our experiments also demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art methods, without explicit feature engineering.

Traditional methods for link prediction can be categorized into three main types: graph structure feature-based, latent feature-based, and explicit feature-based. Graph structure feature methods leverage some handcrafted node proximity scores, e.g., common neighbors, to estimate the likelihood of links. Latent feature methods rely on factorizing networks' matrix representations to learn an embedding for each node. Explicit feature methods train a machine learning model on two nodes' explicit attributes. Each of the three types of methods has its unique merits. In this paper, we propose SEAL (learning from Subgraphs, Embeddings, and Attributes for Link prediction), a new framework for link prediction which combines the power of all the three types into a single graph neural network (GNN). GNN is a new type of neural network which directly accepts graphs as input and outputs their labels. In SEAL, the input to the GNN is a local subgraph around each target link. We prove theoretically that our local subgraphs also reserve a great deal of high-order graph structure features related to link existence. Another key feature is that our GNN can naturally incorporate latent features and explicit features. It is achieved by concatenating node embeddings (latent features) and node attributes (explicit features) in the node information matrix for each subgraph, thus combining the three types of features to enhance GNN learning. Through extensive experiments, SEAL shows unprecedentedly strong performance against a wide range of baseline methods, including various link prediction heuristics and network embedding methods.